וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁתַּחֲוִ֥ים עַל־הַגַּגֹּ֖ות לִצְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְאֶת־הַמִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ הַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֣ים לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְהַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים בְּמַלְכָּֽם׃
And those who bow down upon the housetops to the host of the heavens, and those who bow down, who swear to YHWH and who swear by Malkam.
Morphology
- וְאֶת (ve-et) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction + direct object marker; Translation: (untranslated); Notes: Introduces the object of the implied verb “I will cut off.”
- הַמִּשְׁתַּחֲוִים (ha-mishtachavim) – Root: שׁחה (shachah); Form: Definite Hitpael participle masculine plural; Translation: “those who bow down”; Notes: Describes idol-worshipping individuals.
- עַל (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition; Translation: “upon”; Notes: Spatial marker referring to location.
- הַגַּגֹּות (ha-gaggot) – Root: גג (gag); Form: Definite noun feminine plural; Translation: “the housetops”; Notes: Flat roofs often used for idolatrous rites.
- לִצְבָא (li-tsva) – Root: צבא (tsava); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the host”; Notes: Refers to celestial bodies worshipped as gods.
- הַשָּׁמָיִם (ha-shamayim) – Root: שׁמים (shamayim); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “of the heavens”; Notes: Heavenly bodies viewed as a divine army.
- וְאֶת (ve-et) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction + direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Introduces the next object.
- הַמִּשְׁתַּחֲוִים (ha-mishtachavim) – Root: שׁחה (shachah); Form: Definite Hitpael participle masculine plural; Translation: “those who bow down”; Notes: Repetition adds emphasis.
- הַנִּשְׁבָּעִים (ha-nishbaʿim) – Root: שׁבע (shavaʿ); Form: Definite Nifal participle masculine plural; Translation: “those who swear”; Notes: Describes religious allegiance.
- לַיהוָה (la-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Preposition לְ + proper divine name; Translation: “to YHWH”; Notes: Indicates sworn allegiance to YHWH.
- וְהַנִּשְׁבָּעִים (ve-ha-nishbaʿim) – Root: שׁבע (shavaʿ); Form: Conjunction + definite Nifal participle masculine plural; Translation: “and those who swear”; Notes: Introduces the parallel group.
- בְּמַלְכָּם (be-malkam) – Root: מלך (melek); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular + suffix 3mp; Translation: “by their king / by Malkam”; Notes: Likely a reference to the Ammonite deity Milkom (Molech-like figure).