וַיִּשְׁכַּב֙ וַיִּישַׁ֔ן תַּ֖חַת רֹ֣תֶם אֶחָ֑ד וְהִנֵּֽה־זֶ֤ה מַלְאָךְ֙ נֹגֵ֣עַ בֹּ֔ו וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לֹ֖ו ק֥וּם אֱכֹֽול׃
And he lay down and slept under one broom tree; and behold, a messenger touched him and said to him, “Arise, eat.”
Morphology
- וַיִּשְׁכַּב֙ (va-yishkav) – Root: שכב (shakav); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “And he lay down”; Notes: Action of resting or collapsing from exhaustion.
- וַיִּישַׁ֔ן (va-yishan) – Root: ישן (yashan); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and he slept”; Notes: Continuation of his physical weakness.
- תַּ֖חַת (taḥat) – Root: תחת (taḥat); Form: Preposition; Translation: “under”; Notes: Position under the shrub.
- רֹ֣תֶם אֶחָ֑ד (rotem eḥad) – Roots: רתם (rotem), אחד (eḥad); Form: Noun + adjective; Translation: “one broom tree”; Notes: Specific location of his resting.
- וְהִנֵּֽה־זֶ֤ה (ve-hinneh-zeh) – Root: נה (hinneh); Form: Interjection + demonstrative pronoun; Translation: “and behold, this”; Notes: Draws attention to sudden action.
- מַלְאָךְ֙ (malʾakh) – Root: מלאך (malʾakh); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “messenger”; Notes: Likely an angelic being sent by YHWH.
- נֹגֵ֣עַ (nogeaʿ) – Root: נגע (nagaʿ); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “touching”; Notes: Immediate present action.
- בֹּ֔ו (bo) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Preposition + 3ms suffix; Translation: “him”; Notes: Direct object of the touching.
- וַיֹּ֥אמֶר (va-yomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and he said”; Notes: Introduction of a divine command.
- לֹ֖ו (lo) – Root: ל (le) + הוא (hu); Form: Preposition + 3ms suffix; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Target of the angel’s speech.
- ק֥וּם (qum) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Qal imperative masculine singular; Translation: “Arise”; Notes: Command to rise for action.
- אֱכֹֽול (ekhol) – Root: אכל (ʾakal); Form: Qal imperative masculine singular; Translation: “eat”; Notes: Invitation to receive sustenance.