רָעָ֞ב כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֣ה בָאָ֗רֶץ דֶּ֣בֶר כִּֽי־֠יִהְיֶה שִׁדָּפֹ֨ון יֵרָקֹ֜ון אַרְבֶּ֤ה חָסִיל֙ כִּ֣י יִהְיֶ֔ה כִּ֧י יָֽצַר־לֹ֛ו אֹיְבֹ֖ו בְּאֶ֣רֶץ שְׁעָרָ֑יו כָּל־נֶ֖גַע כָּֽל־מַחֲלָֽה׃
Famine, when it is in the land; pestilence, when it is; blight, mildew, locust, or consuming locust, when it is; when his enemy besieges him in the land of his gates; any plague, any sickness,
Morphology
- רָעָ֞ב (raʿav) – Root: רעב; Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “famine”; Notes: A severe lack of food, divine judgment or natural disaster.
- כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֣ה (ki-yehyeh) – Root: היה; Form: Conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “when it is / shall be”; Notes: Temporal clause marker.
- בָאָ֗רֶץ (ba-aretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Preposition + definite feminine singular noun; Translation: “in the land”; Notes: Refers to the land of Yisraʾel.
- דֶּ֣בֶר (dever) – Root: דבר; Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “pestilence / plague”; Notes: A deadly disease outbreak.
- כִּֽי־יִהְיֶה (ki-yehyeh) – Root: היה; Form: Repetition of conjunction + Qal imperfect; Translation: “when it is”; Notes: Repeated to mark multiple contingencies.
- שִׁדָּפֹ֨ון (shiddafon) – Root: שׁדף; Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “blight”; Notes: A scorching wind or disease affecting crops.
- יֵרָקֹ֜ון (yerakon) – Root: ירק; Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “mildew”; Notes: A yellowing or disease of vegetation.
- אַרְבֶּ֤ה (arbeh) – Root: ארב; Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “locust”; Notes: A devouring insect, often linked to judgment.
- חָסִיל (ḥasil) – Root: חסל; Form: Masculine singular noun; Translation: “consuming locust / caterpillar”; Notes: A specific type of devourer, perhaps a locust at a different stage.
- כִּ֣י יִהְיֶ֔ה (ki yihyeh) – Root: היה; Form: Conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “when it is”; Notes: Further contingency condition.
- כִּ֧י יָֽצַר־לֹ֛ו (ki yatsar-lo) – Root: צרר; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “when his enemy presses him / troubles him”; Notes: Refers to siege or distress.
- אֹיְבֹ֖ו (oyevo) – Root: אויב; Form: Masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his enemy”; Notes: The one causing siege or threat.
- בְּאֶ֣רֶץ שְׁעָרָ֑יו (be-eretz sheʿarav) – Root: ארץ / שער; Form: Preposition + feminine singular noun + masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in the land of his gates”; Notes: Refers to cities under siege, gates symbolize entry and defense.
- כָּל־נֶ֖גַע (kol-negʿa) – Root: נגע; Form: Noun in construct with universal quantifier; Translation: “any plague”; Notes: General affliction or blow.
- כָּל־מַחֲלָֽה (kol-maḥalah) – Root: חלה; Form: Noun in construct with universal quantifier; Translation: “any sickness / disease”; Notes: General term for illness.