וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם דָּוִ֜ד בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּטֹּ֤שׁ אֶת־הַצֹּאן֙ עַל־שֹׁמֵ֔ר וַיִּשָּׂ֣א וַיֵּ֔לֶךְ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖הוּ יִשָׁ֑י וַיָּבֹא֙ הַמַּעְגָּ֔לָה וְהַחַ֗יִל הַיֹּצֵא֙ אֶל־הַמַּ֣עֲרָכָ֔ה וְהֵרֵ֖עוּ בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃
And David rose early in the morning and left the flock with a keeper, and he took and went as Yishai had commanded him. And he came to the encampment, and the army was going out to the battle line and they shouted in the war.
Morphology
- וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֨ם (vayyashkem) – Root: שכם (shakam); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he rose early”; Notes: Indicates early rising with intent.
- דָּוִ֜ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Refers to David, son of Yishai.
- בַּבֹּ֗קֶר (ba-boqer) – Root: בקר (boqer); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “in the morning”; Notes: Specifies time.
- וַיִּטֹּ֤שׁ (vayyitosh) – Root: נטש (natash); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he left”; Notes: Indicates leaving something behind.
- אֶת־הַצֹּאן֙ (ʾet-ha-tson) – Root: צאן (tsoʾn); Form: Noun, common singular with definite article; Translation: “the flock”; Notes: Refers to sheep or goats.
- עַל־שֹׁמֵ֔ר (ʿal-shomer) – Root: שמר (shamar); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “with a keeper”; Notes: Refers to someone watching over.
- וַיִּשָּׂ֣א (vayyisa) – Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he took”; Notes: Denotes action of lifting or taking.
- וַיֵּ֔לֶךְ (vayyelekh) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he went”; Notes: Indicates movement.
- כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר (kaʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “as”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate clause.
- צִוָּ֖הוּ (tsiwwahu) – Root: צוה (tsawah); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “had commanded him”; Notes: Emphasizes directive.
- יִשָׁ֑י (Yishai) – Root: ישי (Yishai); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yishai”; Notes: Refers to Jesse, Dawid’s father.
- וַיָּבֹא֙ (vayyavo) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he came”; Notes: Indicates arrival.
- הַמַּעְגָּ֔לָה (ha-maʿgalah) – Root: עגל (ʿagal); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the encampment”; Notes: Refers to a circular camp.
- וְהַחַ֗יִל (ve-ha-ḥayil) – Root: חיל (ḥayil); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “and the army”; Notes: Refers to the troops.
- הַיֹּצֵא֙ (ha-yotse) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Qal participle masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “that was going out”; Notes: Describes continuous action.
- אֶל־הַמַּ֣עֲרָכָ֔ה (el-ha-maʿarakah) – Root: ערך (ʿarak); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “to the battle line”; Notes: Military term.
- וְהֵרֵ֖עוּ (ve-hereʿu) – Root: רוע (ruaʿ); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they shouted”; Notes: Indicates war cry.
- בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה (ba-milḥamah) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “in the war”; Notes: Refers to the battle.