וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד אֶֽל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים הָעֹמְדִ֣ים עִמֹּו֮ לֵאמֹר֒ מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֗ה לָאִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַכֶּה֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַלָּ֔ז וְהֵסִ֥יר חֶרְפָּ֖ה מֵעַ֣ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֣י מִ֗י הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֤י הֶֽעָרֵל֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכֹ֖ות אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃
And Dawid said to the men who stood with him, saying, “What shall be done for the man who strikes this Pelishti and removes the reproach from Yisraʾel? For who is this uncircumcised Pelishti that he should taunt the battle lines of the living God?”
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (vayyomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduces speech.
- דָּוִ֗ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Refers to David, the future king of Yisraʾel.
- אֶֽל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים (ʾel-haʾanashim) – Root: אנש (ʾenosh); Form: Noun, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “to the men”; Notes: Refers to the soldiers standing near him.
- הָעֹמְדִ֣ים (haʿomedim) – Root: עמד (ʿamad); Form: Qal participle masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “who stood”; Notes: Describes their position.
- עִמֹּו֮ (ʿimmo) – Root: עם (ʿim); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “with him”; Notes: Refers to Dawid’s company.
- לֵאמֹר֒ (lemor) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֗ה (mah-yeʿaseh) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “What shall be done”; Notes: Expresses inquiry about a future event.
- לָאִישׁ֙ (laʾish) – Root: איש (ʾish); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “for the man”; Notes: Refers to the potential warrior who defeats Golyat.
- אֲשֶׁ֤ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces the description of the warrior.
- יַכֶּה֙ (yakkeh) – Root: נכה (nakah); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “strikes”; Notes: Refers to defeating the enemy.
- אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י (ʾet-ha-Pelishti) – Root: פלש (palash); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular with direct object marker; Translation: “the Pelishti”; Notes: Refers to Golyat.
- הַלָּ֔ז (hallaz) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “this one”; Notes: Emphasizes contempt.
- וְהֵסִ֥יר (vehesir) – Root: סור (sur); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and removes”; Notes: Refers to removing disgrace.
- חֶרְפָּ֖ה (ḥerpah) – Root: חרף (ḥaraf); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “reproach”; Notes: Refers to the insult against Yisraʾel.
- מֵעַ֣ל (meʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition; Translation: “from upon”; Notes: Indicates removal.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the people.
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces a rhetorical question.
- מִ֗י (mi) – Root: מי (mi); Form: Interrogative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Questions Golyat’s significance.
- הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֤י (ha-Pelishti) – Root: פלש (palash); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the Pelishti”; Notes: Refers to Golyat.
- הֶֽעָרֵל֙ (he-ʿarel) – Root: ערל (ʿarel); Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “uncircumcised”; Notes: An insult emphasizing Golyat’s status as an outsider.
- חֵרֵ֔ף (ḥeref) – Root: חרף (ḥaraf); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has taunted”; Notes: Refers to Golyat’s insults.
- מַעַרְכֹ֖ות (maʿarkot) – Root: ערך (ʿarak); Form: Noun, feminine plural construct; Translation: “the battle lines of”; Notes: Military reference.
- אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים (ʾElohim ḥayyim) – Root: אל (ʾel) + חיה (ḥayah); Form: Noun + adjective; Translation: “the living God”; Notes: Contrasts YHWH with idols.