וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אַתָּה֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י בְּחֶ֖רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֣ית וּבְכִידֹ֑ון וְאָנֹכִ֣י בָֽא־אֵלֶ֗יךָ בְּשֵׁם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָאֹ֔ות אֱלֹהֵ֛י מַעַרְכֹ֥ות יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֵרַֽפְתָּ׃
And Dawid said to the Pelishti, “You come to me with a sword, with a spear, and with a javelin, but I come to you in the name of YHWH of Hosts, the God of the battle lines of Yisraʾel, whom you have defied.
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֤אמֶר (vayyomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduces speech.
- דָּוִד֙ (Dawid) – Root: דוד (Dawid); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the speech.
- אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י (ʾel-ha-Pelishti) – Root: פלש (palesh); Form: Preposition with definite noun, masculine singular; Translation: “to the Pelishti”; Notes: Indicates the recipient.
- אַתָּה֙ (ʾattah) – Root: אתה (ʾattah); Form: Pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- בָּ֣א (ba) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “come”; Notes: Ongoing action.
- אֵלַ֔י (ʾelai) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Directional.
- בְּחֶ֖רֶב (be-ḥerev) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Noun, feminine singular with preposition; Translation: “with a sword”; Notes: Instrument of attack.
- וּבַחֲנִ֣ית (u-vaḥanit) – Root: חנית (ḥanit); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “and with a spear”; Notes: Weapon.
- וּבְכִידֹ֑ון (u-vekhidon) – Root: כידון (khidon); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “and with a javelin”; Notes: Another weapon.
- וְאָנֹכִ֣י (ve-ʾanokhi) – Root: אנכי (ʾanokhi); Form: Pronoun, 1st person singular; Translation: “but I”; Notes: Contrastive pronoun.
- בָֽא־אֵלֶ֗יךָ (ba-ʾeleikha) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal participle masculine singular with preposition and suffix; Translation: “come to you”; Notes: Indicates approach.
- בְּשֵׁם֙ (be-shem) – Root: שם (shem); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “in the name”; Notes: Authority by which Dawid acts.
- יְהוָ֣ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The God of Israel.
- צְבָאֹ֔ות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsavaʾ); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “of Hosts”; Notes: Military term for YHWH as a warrior.
- אֱלֹהֵ֛י (ʾelohei) – Root: אלוה (ʾeloah); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “the God of”; Notes: Refers to divine power.
- מַעַרְכֹ֥ות (maʿarkhot) – Root: מערכה (maʿarkhah); Form: Noun, feminine plural construct; Translation: “the battle lines of”; Notes: Military context.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: The nation of Israel.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “whom”; Notes: Introduces relative clause.
- חֵרַֽפְתָּ׃ (ḥerafta) – Root: חרף (ḥaraf); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you have defied”; Notes: Refers to the Pelishti’s blasphemy.