1 Samuel 30:17

וַיַּכֵּ֥ם דָּוִ֛ד מֵהַנֶּ֥שֶׁף וְעַד־הָעֶ֖רֶב לְמָֽחֳרָתָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־נִמְלַ֤ט מֵהֶם֙ אִ֔ישׁ כִּי֩ אִם־אַרְבַּ֨ע מֵאֹ֧ות אִֽישׁ־נַ֛עַר אֲשֶׁר־רָכְב֥וּ עַל־הַגְּמַלִּ֖ים וַיָּנֻֽסוּ׃

And Dawid struck them from twilight until the evening of the next day, and not a man of them escaped except four hundred young men who rode on camels and fled.

 

Morphology

  1. וַיַּכֵּ֥ם (va-yakkeim) – Root: נכה; Form: Hifil wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “And he struck them”; Notes: Refers to Dawid attacking the raiders.
  2. דָּוִ֛ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד; Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the action.
  3. מֵהַנֶּ֥שֶׁף (me-ha-neshef) – Root: נשף; Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with preposition and definite article; Translation: “from twilight”; Notes: Time reference.
  4. וְעַד־הָעֶ֖רֶב (ve-ʿad-ha-ʿerev) – Root: ערב; Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with preposition and definite article; Translation: “until the evening”; Notes: Duration of the attack.
  5. לְמָֽחֳרָתָ֑ם (le-maḥoratam) – Root: מחר; Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute with 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “of the next day”; Notes: Specifies the time frame.
  6. וְלֹֽא־נִמְלַ֤ט (ve-lo-nimlat) – Root: מלט; Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and not escaped”; Notes: Indicates total destruction.
  7. מֵהֶם֙ (mehem) – Root: מן; Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “from them”; Notes: Refers to the defeated raiders.
  8. אִ֔ישׁ (ish) – Root: איש; Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “a man”; Notes: Subject of escape.
  9. כִּי֩ אִם־ (ki im) – Root: כי, אם; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “except”; Notes: Introduces an exception.
  10. אַרְבַּ֨ע (arbaʿ) – Root: ארבע; Form: Numeral, masculine plural absolute; Translation: “four”; Notes: Specifies number.
  11. מֵאֹ֧ות (meʾot) – Root: מאה; Form: Noun, feminine plural construct; Translation: “hundred”; Notes: Multiplies the quantity.
  12. אִֽישׁ־נַ֛עַר (ish-naʿar) – Root: איש, נער; Form: Noun construct phrase; Translation: “young men”; Notes: Describes the ones who escaped.
  13. אֲשֶׁר־רָכְב֥וּ (asher-rakhvu) – Root: רכב; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “who rode”; Notes: Describes their means of escape.
  14. עַל־הַגְּמַלִּ֖ים (ʿal-ha-gemallim) – Root: גמל; Form: Noun, masculine plural absolute with preposition and definite article; Translation: “on camels”; Notes: Mode of transportation.
  15. וַיָּנֻֽסוּ׃ (va-yanusu) – Root: נוס; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they fled”; Notes: Their escape action.

 

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