כִּ֣י עַל־אַ֣ף יְהוָ֗ה הָיְתָ֤ה בִירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ וּבִ֣יהוּדָ֔ה עַד־הִשְׁלִכֹ֥ו אֹתָ֖ם מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑יו וַיִּמְרֹ֥ד צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ בְּמֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ ס
For by the wrath of YHWH it was upon Yerushalayim and upon Yehuda, until He cast them out from before His face, and Tsidqiyahu rebelled against the king of Bavel.
Morphology
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces a causal or explanatory clause.
- עַל־אַ֣ף (ʿal-af) – Root: אף; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “by the wrath”; Notes: “Af” literally means “nose,” used idiomatically for anger or wrath.
- יְהוָ֗ה (YHWH) – Root: Divine Name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of divine wrath causing national exile.
- הָיְתָ֤ה (hayetah) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “it was”; Notes: Refers to the condition of wrath being present.
- בִירוּשָׁלִַ֨ם (bi-Yerushalayim) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “upon Yerushalayim”; Notes: Indicates divine wrath directed at the city.
- וּבִ֣יהוּדָ֔ה (u-vi-Yehudah) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Conjunction + preposition + proper noun; Translation: “and upon Yehudah”; Notes: Parallel structure, extending wrath to the whole kingdom.
- עַד־הִשְׁלִכֹ֥ו (ʿad-hishlikho) – Root: שלך; Form: Preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “until He cast them out”; Notes: Indicates the result of divine wrath.
- אֹתָ֖ם (otam) – Root: את; Form: Pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers to the people of Yerushalayim and Yehudah.
- מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑יו (me-ʿal panav) – Root: על + פנים; Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “from before His face”; Notes: Idiom for divine rejection or removal from presence.
- וַיִּמְרֹ֥ד (va-yimrod) – Root: מרד; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he rebelled”; Notes: Refers to Tsidqiyahu’s act of defiance against imperial authority.
- צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ (Tsidqiyahu) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Name; Translation: “Tsidqiyahu”; Notes: The last king of Yehudah before the destruction of Yerushalayim.
- בְּמֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל (be-melekh Bavel) – Root: מלך + בבל; Form: Preposition + construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “against the king of Bavel”; Notes: Indicates the target of Tsidqiyahu’s rebellion—Nevukhadnetstsar.