וַיִּתְקַשֵּׁ֗ר יֵה֛וּא בֶּן־יְהֹושָׁפָ֥ט בֶּן־נִמְשִׁ֖י אֶל־יֹורָ֑ם וְיֹורָם֩ הָיָ֨ה שֹׁמֵ֜ר בְּרָמֹ֣ת גִּלְעָ֗ד ה֚וּא וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִפְּנֵ֥י חֲזָאֵ֖ל מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָֽם׃
And Yehu son of Yehoshafat son of Nimshi conspired against Yoram. Now Yoram had been guarding Ramot Gileʿad, he and all Yisraʾel, from Ḥazaʾel king of Aram.
Morphology
- וַיִּתְקַשֵּׁר (va-yitkasher) – Root: קשׁר; Form: Hitpael wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “And he conspired”; Notes: Indicates the act of rebellion or secret plotting.
- יֵהוּא (Yehu) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehu”; Notes: The subject of the verb, newly anointed to kingship.
- בֶּן־יְהֹושָׁפָט (ben-Yehoshafat) – Root: בן, יהושפט; Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “son of Yehoshafat”; Notes: Part of Yehu’s genealogical identification.
- בֶּן־נִמְשִׁי (ben-Nimshi) – Root: נמשי; Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “son of Nimshi”; Notes: Further clarification of Yehu’s ancestry.
- אֶל־יֹורָם (el-Yoram) – Root: ירם; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “against Yoram”; Notes: Direct object of the conspiracy.
- וְיֹורָם (ve-Yoram) – Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “And Yoram”; Notes: Transition into background context about Yoram.
- הָיָה (hayah) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “had been”; Notes: Describes the situation at the time.
- שֹׁמֵר (shomer) – Root: שׁמר; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “guarding”; Notes: Ongoing action by Yoram.
- בְּרָמֹת גִּלְעָד (be-Ramot Gilʿad) – Form: Preposition + proper noun + proper noun; Translation: “in Ramot Gilʿad”; Notes: A fortified city in Transjordan, site of military activity.
- הוּא (hu) – Root: הוא; Form: Independent pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “he”; Notes: Emphasizes the subject (Yoram) alongside the people.
- וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל (ve-khol Yisraʾel) – Roots: כל, ישראל; Form: Conjunction + construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “and all Yisraʾel”; Notes: Indicates national military involvement.
- מִפְּנֵי (mi-penei) – Root: פנה; Form: Preposition + construct form; Translation: “from the face of”; Notes: Expresses reason or cause: because of, due to.
- חֲזָאֵל (Ḥazaʾel) – Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ḥazaʾel”; Notes: King of Aram and enemy of Yisraʾel.
- מֶלֶךְ־אֲרָם (melekh-Aram) – Roots: מלך, ארם; Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “king of Aram”; Notes: Identifies the threat prompting Yoram’s defense of Ramot Gilʿad.