וַיָּקָם֩ דָּוִ֨ד מֵהָאָ֜רֶץ וַיִּרְחַ֣ץ וַיָּ֗סֶךְ וַיְחַלֵּף֙ שֶׂמְלָתֹ֔ו וַיָּבֹ֥א בֵית־יְהוָ֖ה וַיִּשְׁתָּ֑חוּ וַיָּבֹא֙ אֶל־בֵּיתֹ֔ו וַיִּשְׁאַ֕ל וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ לֹ֛ו לֶ֖חֶם וַיֹּאכַֽל׃
And Dawid arose from the ground, and he washed and anointed himself, and changed his garment, and he came to the house of YHWH and bowed down. Then he came to his house and asked, and they set food before him, and he ate.
Morphology
- וַיָּקָם֩ (vayyaqam) – Root: קום; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he arose”; Notes: Beginning of a new action sequence.
- דָּוִ֨ד (Dawid) – Root: דוד; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- מֵהָאָ֜רֶץ (mehaʾaretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “from the ground”; Notes: Indicates physical location.
- וַיִּרְחַ֣ץ (vayyirḥats) – Root: רחץ; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he washed”; Notes: Ritual or hygienic cleansing.
- וַיָּ֗סֶךְ (vayyasekh) – Root: סוך; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he anointed himself”; Notes: Applying oil.
- וַיְחַלֵּף֙ (vayeḥallef) – Root: חלף; Form: Piel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he changed”; Notes: Denotes deliberate replacement.
- שֶׂמְלָתֹ֔ו (semelato) – Root: שׂמל; Form: Noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his garment”; Notes: Personal clothing.
- וַיָּבֹ֥א (vayyavo) – Root: בוא; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he came”; Notes: Movement toward a location.
- בֵית־יְהוָ֖ה (beit-YHWH) – Root: בית; Form: Construct noun masculine singular + proper noun; Translation: “the house of YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the sanctuary or temple.
- וַיִּשְׁתָּ֑חוּ (vayyishtachu) – Root: שׁחה; Form: Hishtaphel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he bowed down”; Notes: Act of worship or homage.
- וַיָּבֹא֙ (vayyavo) – Root: בוא; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he came”; Notes: Repeated for movement to next location.
- אֶל־בֵּיתֹ֔ו (el-beito) – Root: בית; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to his house”; Notes: Personal residence.
- וַיִּשְׁאַ֕ל (vayyishʾal) – Root: שׁאל; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he asked”; Notes: Context implies request for food.
- וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ (vayyasimu) – Root: שׂים; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they set”; Notes: Refers to the servants.
- לֹ֛ו (lo) – Root: ל; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “before him”; Notes: Indirect object of the action.
- לֶ֖חֶם (leḥem) – Root: לחם; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “bread” or “food”; Notes: General term for sustenance.
- וַיֹּאכַֽל (vayyokhal) – Root: אכל; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he ate”; Notes: Final verb concluding the action sequence.