וְכָל־הָאָ֗רֶץ בֹּוכִים֙ קֹ֣ול גָּדֹ֔ול וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם עֹֽבְרִ֑ים וְהַמֶּ֗לֶךְ עֹבֵר֙ בְּנַ֣חַל קִדְרֹ֔ון וְכָל־הָעָם֙ עֹבְרִ֔ים עַל־פְּנֵי־דֶ֖רֶךְ אֶת־הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃
And all the land was weeping with a great voice, and all the people were passing over, and the king was passing over the wadi Qidron, and all the people were passing over by the way of the wilderness.
Morphology
- וְכָל־הָאָ֗רֶץ (ve-khol-ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Conjunction + noun, feminine singular definite; Translation: “And all the land”; Notes: Refers to the people or the region as a whole.
- בֹּוכִים֙ (bokhim) – Root: בכה; Form: Qal active participle, masculine plural; Translation: “weeping”; Notes: Describes the ongoing emotional reaction of the populace.
- קֹ֣ול (qol) – Root: קול; Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “voice”; Notes: In construct with the following adjective.
- גָּדֹ֔ול (gadol) – Root: גדל; Form: Adjective, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “great”; Notes: Describes the intensity of the weeping.
- וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם (ve-khol-ha-ʿam) – Root: עם; Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine singular definite collective; Translation: “and all the people”; Notes: Refers to the community accompanying the king.
- עֹֽבְרִ֑ים (ʿovrim) – Root: עבר; Form: Qal participle, masculine plural; Translation: “were passing over”; Notes: Ongoing motion across the Kidron Valley.
- וְהַמֶּ֗לֶךְ (ve-ha-melekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine singular definite; Translation: “and the king”; Notes: Refers to King Dawid, the central figure of the passage.
- עֹבֵר֙ (ʿover) – Root: עבר; Form: Qal participle, masculine singular; Translation: “was passing over”; Notes: Parallel to the people’s movement.
- בְּנַ֣חַל קִדְרֹ֔ון (be-naḥal Qidron) – Root: נחל + קדר; Form: Preposition + noun (masculine singular construct) + proper noun; Translation: “over the wadi Qidron”; Notes: Refers to the valley east of Yerushalayim.
- וְכָל־הָעָם֙ (ve-khol-ha-ʿam) – Root: עם; Form: Repetition of earlier phrase; Translation: “and all the people”; Notes: Reaffirms total participation in the movement.
- עֹבְרִ֔ים (ʿovrim) – Root: עבר; Form: Qal participle, masculine plural; Translation: “were passing over”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis.
- עַל־פְּנֵי־דֶ֖רֶךְ (ʿal-penei-derekh) – Root: פנה + דרך; Form: Preposition + construct noun + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “by the face of the road”; Notes: Hebrew idiom meaning “along the road.”
- אֶת־הַמִּדְבָּֽר (et-ha-midbar) – Root: דבר; Form: Direct object marker + noun, masculine singular definite; Translation: “toward the wilderness”; Notes: Indicates the direction of flight—into exile and danger.