2 Samuel 18:16

וַיִּתְקַ֤ע יֹואָב֙ בַּשֹּׁפָ֔ר וַיָּ֣שָׁב הָעָ֔ם מִרְדֹ֖ף אַחֲרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־חָשַׂ֥ךְ יֹואָ֖ב אֶת־הָעָֽם׃

And Yoʾav blew the shofar, and the people returned from pursuing after Yisraʾel, for Yoʾav restrained the people.

Morphology

1. וַיִּתְקַע (vayyitqaʿ) – Root: תקע; Form: Wayyiqtol Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he blew”; Notes: Refers to blowing an instrument, here a shofar.
2. יֹואָב (Yoʾav) – Root: יואב; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yoʾav”; Notes: Subject of the verb “blew.”
3. בַּשֹּׁפָר (ba-shofar) – Root: שׁפר; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the shofar”; Notes: Ram’s horn used to signal in battle.
4. וַיָּשָׁב (vayyashav) – Root: שוב; Form: Wayyiqtol Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he returned”; Notes: Refers to change in direction or ceasing pursuit.
5. הָעָם (ha-ʿam) – Root: עם; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the people”; Notes: Collective noun referring to Yoʾav’s troops.
6. מִרְדֹף (mirdof) – Root: רדף; Form: Preposition + infinitive construct; Translation: “from pursuing”; Notes: Indicates cessation of pursuit.
7. אַחֲרֵי (ʾaḥarei) – Root: אחר; Form: Preposition; Translation: “after”; Notes: Denotes direction of pursuit.
8. יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the opposing troops loyal to Avshalom.
9. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces causal explanation.
10. חָשַׂךְ (ḥasakh) – Root: חסך; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he restrained”; Notes: Indicates an act of holding back or sparing.
11. יֹואָב (Yoʾav) – Root: יואב; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yoʾav”; Notes: Subject of the verb “restrained.”
12. אֶת־הָעָם (et-ha-ʿam) – Root: עם; Form: Direct object marker + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the people”; Notes: Object of the verb “restrained.”