וַיָּבֹ֥א יֹואָ֛ב אֶל־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ הַבָּ֑יִת וַיֹּאמֶר֩ הֹבַ֨שְׁתָּ הַיֹּ֜ום אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־עֲבָדֶ֗יךָ הַֽמְמַלְּטִ֤ים אֶֽת־נַפְשְׁךָ֙ הַיֹּ֔ום וְאֵ֨ת נֶ֤פֶשׁ בָּנֶ֨יךָ֙ וּבְנֹתֶ֔יךָ וְנֶ֣פֶשׁ נָשֶׁ֔יךָ וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ פִּלַגְשֶֽׁיךָ׃
And Yoʾav came to the king into the house, and he said, “You have shamed today the faces of all your servants, who have delivered your life today, and the lives of your sons and your daughters, and the lives of your wives and the lives of your concubines.
Morphology
- וַיָּבֹא (vayyavo) – Root: בוא; Form: Wayyiqtol Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “And he came”; Notes: Refers to Yoʾav entering the house.
- יֹואָב (Yoʾav) – Root: יואב; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yoʾav”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- אֶל־הַמֶּלֶךְ (el-ha-melekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the king”; Notes: Indicates the destination of Yoʾav’s approach.
- הַבָּיִת (ha-bayit) – Root: בית; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the house”; Notes: Locative function: where the king was.
- וַיֹּאמֶר (vayyomer) – Root: אמר; Form: Wayyiqtol Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “and he said”; Notes: Introduction to Yoʾav’s rebuke.
- הֹבַשְׁתָּ (hovashta) – Root: בושׁ; Form: Hifil perfect 2nd masculine singular; Translation: “You have shamed”; Notes: Causative verb expressing blame.
- הַיֹּום (ha-yom) – Root: יום; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “today”; Notes: Time reference of the accusation.
- אֶת־פְּנֵי (et-penei) – Root: פנים; Form: Direct object marker + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “the faces of”; Notes: Object of the verb “shamed.”
- כָל־עֲבָדֶיךָ (khol-ʿavadekha) – Root: עבד; Form: Noun plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “all your servants”; Notes: Those who fought for the king.
- הַמְמַלְּטִים (ha-memalletim) – Root: מלט; Form: Hifil participle masculine plural; Translation: “who have delivered”; Notes: Describes the servants’ action.
- אֶת־נַפְשְׁךָ (et-nafshekha) – Root: נפשׁ; Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your life”; Notes: That which they saved.
- הַיֹּום (ha-yom) – Root: יום; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “today”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
- וְאֵת (ve-et) – Root: את; Form: Conjunction + direct object marker; Translation: “and also”; Notes: Begins enumeration of other saved lives.
- נֶפֶשׁ בָּנֶיךָ (nefesh banekha) – Root: נפשׁ, בן; Form: Noun feminine singular + noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “the lives of your sons”; Notes: First group mentioned.
- וּבְנֹתֶיךָ (u-venotekha) – Root: בת; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and your daughters”; Notes: Second group mentioned.
- וְנֶפֶשׁ נָשֶׁיךָ (nefesh nashekha) – Root: נפשׁ, אשׁה; Form: Noun feminine singular + noun feminine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and the lives of your wives”; Notes: Continued list.
- וְנֶפֶשׁ פִּלַגְשֶׁיךָ (nefesh pilagshekha) – Root: נפשׁ, פלגשׁ; Form: Noun feminine singular + noun feminine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and the lives of your concubines”; Notes: Final group listed.