2 Samuel 4:1

וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע בֶּן־שָׁא֗וּל כִּ֣י מֵ֤ת אַבְנֵר֙ בְּחֶבְרֹ֔ון וַיִּרְפּ֖וּ יָדָ֑יו וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נִבְהָֽלוּ׃

And the son of Shaʾul heard that Avner had died in Ḥevron, and his hands became weak, and all Yisraʾel was dismayed.

Morphology

1. וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע (vayyishmaʿ) – Root: שׁמע; Form: Wayyiqtol (Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular); Translation: “And he heard”; Notes: Narrative past tense introducing new action.
2. בֶּן־שָׁא֗וּל (ben-Shaʾul) – Root: בן / שׁאול; Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “son of Shaʾul”; Notes: Subject of the verb “heard.”
3. כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the content of what he heard.
4. מֵ֤ת (met) – Root: מות; Form: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “had died”; Notes: Refers to Avner’s death.
5. אַבְנֵר֙ (ʾAvner) – Root: אבנר; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Avner”; Notes: Subject of the verb “had died.”
6. בְּחֶבְרֹ֔ון (be-Ḥevron) – Root: חברון; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “in Ḥevron”; Notes: Location of Avner’s death.
7. וַיִּרְפּ֖וּ (vayyirpu) – Root: רפה; Form: Wayyiqtol (Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural); Translation: “and they became weak”; Notes: Describes loss of strength or courage.
8. יָדָ֑יו (yadav) – Root: יד; Form: Noun feminine dual + 3ms suffix; Translation: “his hands”; Notes: Metaphor for strength or power.
9. וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (ve-kol-Yisraʾel) – Root: כל / ישראל; Form: Conjunction + construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “and all Yisraʾel”; Notes: Collective subject of the following verb.
10. נִבְהָֽלוּ (nivhalu) – Root: בהל; Form: Nifal perfect 3rd masculine plural; Translation: “was dismayed”; Notes: Passive/reflexive, denotes fear or panic.