וַתָּבֹא֙ אֲרַ֣ם דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק לַעְזֹ֕ר לַהֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר מֶ֣לֶךְ צֹובָ֑ה וַיַּ֤ךְ דָּוִד֙ בַּֽאֲרָ֔ם עֶשְׂרִֽים־וּשְׁנַ֥יִם אֶ֖לֶף אִֽישׁ׃
And Aram of Dammeseq came to help Hadadʿezer king of Tsova, but Dawid struck down in Aram twenty-two thousand men.
Morphology
- וַתָּבֹא֙ (va-tavo) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3fs; Translation: “and [she/it] came”; Notes: Refers to Aram (feminine).
- אֲרַ֣ם (Aram) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Aram”; Notes: The Aramean kingdom, subject of the verb.
- דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק (Dammesek) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Apposition to Aram; Translation: “Dammesek”; Notes: Aramean city, Damascus.
- לַעְזֹ֕ר (laʿzor) – Root: עזר (ʿazar); Form: Lamed + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to help”; Notes: Purpose infinitive.
- לַהֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר (la-Hadadʿezer) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Preposition + proper noun with article; Translation: “Hadadʿezer”; Notes: The Aramean king.
- מֶ֣לֶךְ צֹובָ֑ה (melekh Tsovah) – Root: מלך (melekh) + צובה (Tsovah); Form: Construct noun + proper noun; Translation: “king of Tsovah”; Notes: Identifies Hadadʿezer’s position.
- וַיַּ֤ךְ (va-yak) – Root: נכה (nakah); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and he struck”; Notes: Military defeat by Dawid.
- דָּוִד֙ (Dawid) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Dawid”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- בַּֽאֲרָ֔ם (ba-Aram) – Root: אֲרָם (Aram); Form: Preposition + definite noun; Translation: “in Aram”; Notes: Place where the defeat occurred.
- עֶשְׂרִֽים־וּשְׁנַ֥יִם (esrim u-shenayim) – Root: עשרים (esrim) + שנים (shenayim); Form: Cardinal numerals; Translation: “twenty-two”; Notes: Total count of men defeated.
- אֶ֖לֶף (elef) – Root: אלף (elef); Form: Numeral; Translation: “thousand”; Notes: Thousand unit.
- אִֽישׁ (ish) – Root: איש (ish); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “men”; Notes: Collective military personnel.