וְכֹ֣ל הֹולֵ֣ךְ עַל־כַּפָּ֗יו בְּכָל־הַֽחַיָּה֙ הַהֹלֶ֣כֶת עַל־אַרְבַּ֔ע טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃
And all that walk on their paws, among all animals that walk on all fours, they are unclean to you; whoever touches their carcasses shall be unclean until the evening.
Morphology
- וְכֹ֣ל (vechol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Conjunction + noun, ms; Translation: “And all”; Notes: Refers to all creatures with the described characteristics.
- הֹולֵ֣ךְ (holekh) – Root: הלך (h-l-k); Form: Participle, Qal, ms; Translation: “That walk”; Notes: Describes animals in motion.
- עַל־כַּפָּ֗יו (ʿal-kappav) – Root: כף (k-p); Form: Preposition + noun, fs construct + 3ms suffix; Translation: “On their paws”; Notes: Refers to animals walking with their feet or paws.
- בְּכָל־ (bekhol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Preposition + noun, ms construct; Translation: “Among all”; Notes: Includes all animals in this category.
- הַֽחַיָּה֙ (hachayyah) – Root: חיה (ḥ-y-h); Form: Noun, fs; Translation: “Animals”; Notes: Refers to living creatures.
- הַהֹלֶ֣כֶת (haholekhet) – Root: הלך (h-l-k); Form: Participle, Qal, fs; Translation: “That walk”; Notes: Refers to animals that walk on all fours.
- עַל־אַרְבַּ֔ע (ʿal-arbaʿ) – Root: ארבע (ʾ-r-b-ʿ); Form: Preposition + numeral, fs; Translation: “On all fours”; Notes: Describes their mode of locomotion.
- טְמֵאִ֥ים (temeʾim) – Root: טמא (ṭ-m-ʾ); Form: Adjective, mp; Translation: “Unclean”; Notes: Declares these animals as impure.
- הֵ֖ם (hem) – Root: הוא (h-w); Form: Pronoun, 3mp; Translation: “They are”; Notes: Refers to the unclean animals.
- לָכֶ֑ם (lakhem) – Root: ל (l); Form: Preposition + pronoun, 2mp; Translation: “To you”; Notes: Directs the prohibition to the Israelites.
- כָּל־ (kol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Noun, ms construct; Translation: “Whoever”; Notes: Refers to anyone touching these animals.
- הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ (hannogeaʿ) – Root: נגע (n-g-ʿ); Form: Participle, Qal, ms; Translation: “Touches”; Notes: Describes physical contact with the carcasses.
- בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם (benivlatam) – Root: נבלה (n-v-l); Form: Preposition + noun, fs construct + 3mp suffix; Translation: “Their carcasses”; Notes: Refers to the dead bodies of these animals.
- יִטְמָ֥א (yitma) – Root: טמא (ṭ-m-ʾ); Form: Verb, Qal, imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “Shall become unclean”; Notes: Describes the resulting state of impurity.
- עַד־ (ʿad) – Root: עד (ʿ-d); Form: Preposition; Translation: “Until”; Notes: Indicates the duration of the impurity.
- הָעָֽרֶב (haʿarev) – Root: ערב (ʿ-r-v); Form: Noun, ms; Translation: “The evening”; Notes: Refers to the time when impurity ceases.