וְהָעִבְרִ֗ים הָי֤וּ לַפְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ כְּאֶתְמֹ֣ול שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ום אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָל֥וּ עִמָּ֛ם בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה סָבִ֑יב וְגַם־הֵ֗מָּה לִֽהְיֹות֙ עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עִם־שָׁא֖וּל וְיֹונָתָֽן׃
And the ʿIvrim had been with the Pelishtim as yesterday and the day before, those who had gone up with them in the camp all around. But they also turned to be with Yisraʾel, those who were with Shaʾul and Yonatan.
Morphology
- וְהָעִבְרִ֗ים (ve-ha-ʿIvrim) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Noun, masculine plural absolute with definite article; Translation: “And the ʿIvrim”; Notes: Likely refers to Hebrews who had aligned with the Pelishtim.
- הָי֤וּ (hayu) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “had been”; Notes: Describes their prior condition.
- לַפְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ (la-Pelishtim) – Root: פלשת (Peleshet); Form: Proper noun, plural absolute with preposition; Translation: “with the Pelishtim”; Notes: Indicates allegiance.
- כְּאֶתְמֹ֣ול (ke-etmol) – Root: אתמול (etmol); Form: Adverb; Translation: “as yesterday”; Notes: Time reference.
- שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ום (shilshom) – Root: שלשום (shilshom); Form: Adverb; Translation: “and the day before”; Notes: Indicates past duration.
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces clause describing the ʿIvrim.
- עָל֥וּ (ʿalu) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “had gone up”; Notes: Describes movement.
- עִמָּ֛ם (ʿimmam) – Root: עם (ʿim); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “with them”; Notes: Identifies those aligned with the Pelishtim.
- בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה (ba-maḥaneh) – Root: מחנה (maḥaneh); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article and preposition; Translation: “in the camp”; Notes: Specifies location.
- סָבִ֑יב (saviv) – Root: סבב (savav); Form: Adverb; Translation: “all around”; Notes: Describes their placement in the camp.
- וְגַם־הֵ֗מָּה (ve-gam-hemmah) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural with conjunction; Translation: “but they also”; Notes: Indicates shift in allegiance.
- לִֽהְיֹות֙ (lihyot) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to be”; Notes: Expresses change in state.
- עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (ʿim-Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun, singular absolute with preposition; Translation: “with Yisraʾel”; Notes: Shift in alliance.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a clause referring to Yisraʾel.
- עִם־שָׁא֖וּל (ʿim-Shaʾul) – Root: שאול (Shaʾul); Form: Proper noun, singular absolute with preposition; Translation: “with Shaʾul”; Notes: Specifies leadership.
- וְיֹונָתָֽן׃ (ve-Yonatan) – Root: יונתן (Yonatan); Form: Proper noun, singular absolute with conjunction; Translation: “and Yonatan”; Notes: Refers to Shaʾul’s son and ally.