וְיֹונָתָ֣ן לֹֽא־שָׁמַ֗ע בְּהַשְׁבִּ֣יעַ אָבִיו֮ אֶת־הָעָם֒ וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח אֶת־קְצֵ֤ה הַמַּטֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָדֹ֔ו וַיִּטְבֹּ֥ל אֹותָ֖הּ בְּיַעְרַ֣ת הַדְּבָ֑שׁ וַיָּ֤שֶׁב יָדֹו֙ אֶל־פִּ֔יו וַתָּאֹרְנָה עֵינָֽיו׃
But Yonatan did not hear when his father made the people swear, so he stretched out the end of the staff that was in his hand and dipped it in the honeycomb, then he brought his hand back to his mouth, and his eyes brightened.
Morphology
- וְיֹונָתָ֣ן (ve-Yonatan) – Root: יונתן (Yonatan); Form: Proper noun, singular absolute with conjunction; Translation: “But Yonatan”; Notes: Subject of the sentence.
- לֹֽא־שָׁמַ֗ע (lo-shamaʿ) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with negative particle; Translation: “did not hear”; Notes: Indicates ignorance of an event.
- בְּהַשְׁבִּ֣יעַ (be-hashbiʿa) – Root: שבע (shavaʿ); Form: Hifil infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “when he made swear”; Notes: Causative action.
- אָבִיו֮ (aviv) – Root: אב (av); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his father”; Notes: Possessive relationship.
- אֶת־הָעָם֒ (et-haʿam) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with direct object marker and definite article; Translation: “the people”; Notes: Object of the verb.
- וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח (vayyishlaḥ) – Root: שלח (shalaḥ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “so he stretched out”; Notes: Sequential action.
- אֶת־קְצֵ֤ה (et-qtseh) – Root: קצה (qtseh); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with direct object marker; Translation: “the end of”; Notes: Refers to the staff.
- הַמַּטֶּה֙ (ha-matteh) – Root: מטה (matteh); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “the staff”; Notes: Object of the action.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces a clause describing the staff.
- בְּיָדֹ֔ו (be-yado) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in his hand”; Notes: Locative phrase.
- וַיִּטְבֹּ֥ל (vayyitbol) – Root: טבל (taval); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and dipped”; Notes: Action involving the staff.
- אֹותָ֖הּ (otah) – Root: את (ʾot); Form: Pronoun, 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “it”; Notes: Refers to the staff’s tip.
- בְּיַעְרַ֣ת (be-yaʿrat) – Root: יער (yaʿar); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct with preposition; Translation: “in the honeycomb of”; Notes: Specifies the substance.
- הַדְּבָ֑שׁ (ha-devash) – Root: דבש (devash); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “the honey”; Notes: Specifies what was dipped into.
- וַיָּ֤שֶׁב (vayyasev) – Root: שוב (shuv); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “then he brought back”; Notes: Describes reversal of movement.
- יָדֹו֙ (yado) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his hand”; Notes: Object of the movement.
- אֶל־פִּ֔יו (el-piv) – Root: פה (peh); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to his mouth”; Notes: Direction of action.
- וַתָּאֹרְנָה (vattaʾornah) – Root: ארר (ʾar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person feminine plural; Translation: “and they brightened”; Notes: Refers to his eyes.
- עֵינָֽיו׃ (ʿeinav) – Root: עין (ʿayin); Form: Noun, feminine dual construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his eyes”; Notes: Subject of the verb “brightened.”