וְאֶת־עֲמָשָׂ֗א שָׂ֧ם אַבְשָׁלֹ֛ם תַּ֥חַת יֹואָ֖ב עַל־הַצָּבָ֑א וַעֲמָשָׂ֣א בֶן־אִ֗ישׁ וּשְׁמֹו֙ יִתְרָ֣א הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִ֔י אֲשֶׁר־בָּא֙ אֶל־אֲבִיגַ֣ל בַּת־נָחָ֔שׁ אֲחֹ֥ות צְרוּיָ֖ה אֵ֥ם יֹואָֽב׃
And Avshalom set ʿAmasa in place of Yoʾav over the army. And ʿAmasa was the son of a man whose name was Yitra the Yisreʾeli, who had gone in to Avigayil the daughter of Naḥash, sister of Tseruya, the mother of Yoʾav.
Morphology
- וְאֶת־עֲמָשָׂ֗א (ve-et-ʿAmasa) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Direct object marker + proper name; Translation: “and ʿAmasa”; Notes: Recipient of the appointment.
- שָׂ֧ם (sam) – Root: שים; Form: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “placed”; Notes: Refers to a formal appointment.
- אַבְשָׁלֹ֛ם (Avshalom) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Avshalom”; Notes: Acting as subject of the verb.
- תַּ֥חַת (taḥat) – Root: תחת; Form: Preposition; Translation: “in place of”; Notes: Indicates substitution or succession.
- יֹואָ֖ב (Yoʾav) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Yoʾav”; Notes: Former commander of Dawid’s army.
- עַל־הַצָּבָ֑א (ʿal-ha-tsava) – Root: צבא; Form: Preposition + definite noun; Translation: “over the army”; Notes: Refers to the military leadership.
- וַעֲמָשָׂ֣א (va-ʿAmasa) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “And ʿAmasa”; Notes: Subject of the next clause.
- בֶן־אִ֗ישׁ (ven-ish) – Root: בן, איש; Form: Construct noun phrase; Translation: “son of a man”; Notes: Standard idiom for ancestry.
- וּשְׁמֹו֙ (u-shemo) – Root: שם; Form: Conjunction + noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and his name”; Notes: Introduction of the father’s name.
- יִתְרָ֣א (Yitra) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “Yitra”; Notes: Also known as Yether in other passages.
- הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִ֔י (ha-Yisreʾeli) – Root: ישראל; Form: Gentilic adjective with definite article; Translation: “the Yisreʾeli”; Notes: Denotes his origin or ethnicity.
- אֲשֶׁר־בָּא֙ (asher-ba) – Root: בוא; Form: Relative pronoun + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “who had gone in”; Notes: Euphemism for marital/sexual relations.
- אֶל־אֲבִיגַ֣ל (el-Avigayil) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to Avigayil”; Notes: Mother of ʿAmasa, sister of Tseruyah.
- בַּת־נָחָ֔שׁ (bat-Naḥash) – Root: בת, נחש; Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “daughter of Naḥash”; Notes: Possibly a name or a title.
- אֲחֹ֥ות צְרוּיָ֖ה (aḥot-Tseruyah) – Root: אחות, צרויה; Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “sister of Tseruyah”; Notes: Further clarifies Avigayil’s family relation.
- אֵ֥ם יֹואָֽב (em-Yoʾav) – Root: אם, יואב; Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “mother of Yoʾav”; Notes: Links back to Yoʾav’s lineage.