וּדְבַ֣שׁ וְחֶמְאָ֗ה וְצֹאן֙ וּשְׁפֹ֣ות בָּקָ֔ר הִגִּ֧ישׁוּ לְדָוִ֛ד וְלָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתֹּ֖ו לֶאֱכֹ֑ול כִּ֣י אָמְר֔וּ הָעָ֗ם רָעֵ֛ב וְעָיֵ֥ף וְצָמֵ֖א בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃
And honey and curds and sheep and cattle of the herd they brought near to Dawid and to the people who were with him to eat; for they said, The people are hungry and weary and thirsty in the wilderness.
Morphology
- וּדְבַ֣שׁ (u-devash) – Root: דבש; Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and honey”; Notes: Natural sweetener, often wild honey.
- וְחֶמְאָ֗ה (ve-ḥemʾah) – Root: חמאה; Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “and curds”; Notes: Thick dairy product, similar to yogurt or butter.
- וְצֹאן֙ (ve-tson) – Root: צאן; Form: Noun, collective feminine; Translation: “and sheep”; Notes: May include both sheep and goats.
- וּשְׁפֹ֣ות (u-shefot) – Root: שׁפה; Form: Noun, feminine plural; Translation: “and cattle of the herd”; Notes: From a root meaning “to sweep” or “drive,” here denoting herd animals.
- בָּקָ֔ר (baqar) – Root: בקר; Form: Noun, masculine singular/collective; Translation: “cattle”; Notes: Domestic bovine animals.
- הִגִּ֧ישׁוּ (higgishu) – Root: נגשׁ; Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they brought near”; Notes: causative stem indicating the act of offering or providing.
- לְדָוִ֛ד (le-Dawid) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to Dawid”; Notes: Recipient of the provisions.
- וְלָעָ֥ם (ve-laʿam) – Root: עם; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun; Translation: “and to the people”; Notes: Indicates those accompanying Dawid.
- אֲשֶׁר־אִתֹּ֖ו (asher-itto) – Root: אשר, את; Form: Relative pronoun + preposition with pronominal suffix; Translation: “who were with him”; Notes: Modifies “people.”
- לֶאֱכֹ֑ול (leʾekhol) – Root: אכל; Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to eat”; Notes: Purpose clause.
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces reason or explanation.
- אָמְר֔וּ (amru) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they said”; Notes: Refers to those bringing the provisions.
- הָעָ֗ם (ha-ʿam) – Root: עם; Form: Noun, masculine singular with article; Translation: “the people”; Notes: General collective term.
- רָעֵ֛ב (raʿev) – Root: רעב; Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “hungry”; Notes: First in list of conditions.
- וְעָיֵ֥ף (ve-ʿayef) – Root: עיף; Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “and weary”; Notes: Indicates exhaustion.
- וְצָמֵ֖א (ve-tsame) – Root: צמא; Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “and thirsty”; Notes: Final condition listed.
- בַּמִּדְבָּֽר (ba-midbar) – Root: מדבר; Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition and article; Translation: “in the wilderness”; Notes: Indicates location of hardship.