נִשְׁבַּ֧ע יְהוָ֛ה בִּֽימִינֹ֖ו וּבִזְרֹ֣ועַ עֻזֹּ֑ו אִם־אֶתֵּן֩ אֶת־דְּגָנֵ֨ךְ עֹ֤וד מַֽאֲכָל֙ לְאֹ֣יְבַ֔יִךְ וְאִם־יִשְׁתּ֤וּ בְנֵֽי־נֵכָר֙ תִּֽירֹושֵׁ֔ךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָגַ֖עַתְּ בֹּֽו׃
YHWH has sworn by His right hand and by the arm of His strength: “Surely I will no longer give your grain as food to your enemies, and foreigners shall not drink your wine for which you have labored.”
Morphology
- נִשְׁבַּ֧ע (nishbaʿ) – Root: שׁבע (shavaʿ); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has sworn”; Notes: A solemn declaration or oath, especially used of YHWH.
- יְהוָ֛ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hvh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- בִּֽימִינֹ֖ו (bi-yyeminó) – Root: ימן (yamin); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “by His right hand”; Notes: Symbol of authority and action.
- וּבִזְרֹ֣ועַ (u-vi-zroaʿ) – Root: זרע (zroaʿ); Form: Conjunction וּ + preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and by the arm”; Notes: Arm represents might or power.
- עֻזֹּ֑ו (uzzo) – Root: עזז (ʿazaz); Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His strength”; Notes: Emphasizes divine power in swearing the oath.
- אִם (im) – Root: אם (ʾim); Form: Conditional particle; Translation: “surely not / if”; Notes: Used in oaths to express negated intention (as in “if I do…” meaning “I surely will not…”).
- אֶתֵּן (etten) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I will give”; Notes: Verb of volition negated by oath context.
- אֶת־דְּגָנֵךְ (et-deganekh) – Root: דגן (dagan); Form: Direct object marker + noun masculine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your grain”; Notes: Refers to agricultural produce of the land.
- עֹ֤וד (ʿod) – Root: עוד (ʿod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “again / any longer”; Notes: Denotes termination of previous experience.
- מַֽאֲכָל (maʾakhal) – Root: אכל (ʾakal); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “food”; Notes: Refers to consumption or eating.
- לְאֹיְבַ֔יִךְ (le-ʾoyevayikh) – Root: איב (ʾayav); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “to your enemies”; Notes: Implies previous loss or exploitation by enemies.
- וְאִם (ve-im) – Root: אם (ʾim); Form: Conjunction וְ + conditional particle; Translation: “and if / surely not”; Notes: Continues oath structure.
- יִשְׁתּ֤וּ (yishtu) – Root: שתה (shatah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they will drink”; Notes: Denotes taking possession or enjoyment.
- בְנֵֽי־נֵכָר (benei-nekar) – Root: נכר (nekar); Form: Construct noun plural + noun masculine singular; Translation: “sons of foreigner / foreigners”; Notes: Outsiders or strangers in contrast to covenant members.
- תִּֽירֹושֵׁ֔ךְ (tiroshékh) – Root: תירוש (tirosh); Form: Noun masculine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your wine”; Notes: Represents blessing and fruit of labor.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces relative clause describing the wine.
- יָגַ֖עַתְּ (yagaʿt) – Root: יגע (yagaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “you labored”; Notes: Highlights the effort invested in producing the wine.
- בֹּֽו (bo) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Preposition בְּ + third person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in it”; Notes: Refers back to the wine (tirosh).