וַיֵּ֨צֵא לָ֥ךְ שֵׁ֛ם בַּגֹּויִ֖ם בְּיָפְיֵ֑ךְ כִּ֣י כָּלִ֣יל ה֗וּא בַּֽהֲדָרִי֙ אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי עָלַ֔יִךְ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃
And your name went out among the nations because of your beauty, for it was perfect through my splendor which I placed upon you,” declares the Lord YHWH.
Morphology
- וַיֵּצֵא (va-yetse) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and it went out”; Notes: Refers to the spreading of reputation.
- לָךְ (lakh) – Root: ל (le); Form: Preposition + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “for you”; Notes: Directs the action toward the addressee (Yerushalayim).
- שֵׁם (shem) – Root: שם (shem); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “name”; Notes: Refers to fame or reputation.
- בַּגֹּויִם (ba-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural definite; Translation: “among the nations”; Notes: Refers to surrounding peoples.
- בְּיָפְיֵךְ (be-yofyekh) – Root: יפי (yofi); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “because of your beauty”; Notes: Beauty as the reason for fame.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the explanation.
- כָלִיל (kalil) – Root: כלל (kalal); Form: Adjective masculine singular absolute; Translation: “perfect”; Notes: Denotes completeness, without defect.
- הוּא (hu) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “it was”; Notes: Refers back to the beauty.
- בַּהֲדָרִי (ba-hadari) – Root: הדר (hadar); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “through my splendor”; Notes: Splendor as the divine gift that perfected beauty.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Connects the clause explaining the source of beauty.
- שַׂמְתִּי (samti) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I placed”; Notes: God’s active bestowal of splendor.
- עָלַיִךְ (ʿalayikh) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “upon you”; Notes: Direct bestowal of divine favor.
- נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “utterance”; Notes: Prophetic formula introducing divine speech.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾAdonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Title, emphatic plural with 1st person suffix; Translation: “my Lord”; Notes: Reverential title of authority.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper noun, Tetragrammaton; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.