בַּנֶּ֧שֶׁךְ נָתַ֛ן וְתַרְבִּ֥ית לָקַ֖ח וָחָ֑י לֹ֣א יִֽחְיֶ֗ה אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַתֹּועֵבֹ֤ות הָאֵ֨לֶּה֙ עָשָׂ֔ה מֹ֣ות יוּמָ֔ת דָּמָ֖יו בֹּ֥ו יִהְיֶֽה׃
With interest he has given, and increase he has taken, and he shall live? He shall not live. All these abominations he has done; dying he shall die, his blood shall be upon him.
Morphology
- בַּנֶּשֶׁךְ (ba-neshekh) – Root: נשׁך; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “with interest”; Notes: Refers to usury or charging interest on loans.
- נָתַן (natan) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he gave”; Notes: Describes an established action of giving with usury.
- וְתַרְבִּית (ve-tarbit) – Root: רבה; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and increase”; Notes: Parallel to “interest,” a synonym for profit from usury.
- לָקַח (laqach) – Root: לקח; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he took”; Notes: Indicates receipt of illicit gain.
- וָחָי (va-ḥai) – Root: חי; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he lived / and he shall live?”; Notes: Likely rhetorical — expecting a negative answer.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- יִחְיֶה (yiḥyeh) – Root: חי; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he shall live”; Notes: Negated — “he shall not live.”
- אֵת (et) – Root: את; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: [not translated]; Notes: Introduces the definite direct object.
- כָּל־ (kol) – Root: כל; Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all of”; Notes: Governs the following noun phrase.
- הַתֹּועֵבֹות (ha-toʿevot) – Root: תעב; Form: Noun feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “the abominations”; Notes: Detestable acts prohibited by YHWH.
- הָאֵלֶּה (ha-elleh) – Root: אלה; Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine plural with article; Translation: “these”; Notes: Specifies the abominations just enumerated.
- עָשָׂה (ʿasah) – Root: עשׂה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he did”; Notes: Completed action — he is guilty of them.
- מֹות (mot) – Root: מות; Form: Infinitive absolute Qal; Translation: “dying”; Notes: Infinitive absolute emphasizes certainty of the following finite verb.
- יוּמָת (yumat) – Root: מות; Form: Hophal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he shall be put to death”; Notes: Passive causative form, judicial execution implied.
- דָּמָיו (damav) – Root: דם; Form: Noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his bloods” (idiomatically “his blood”); Notes: Plural of intensity, referring to bloodguilt.
- בֹּו (bo) – Root: ב; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “upon him”; Notes: Indicates personal responsibility for guilt.
- יִהְיֶה (yihyeh) – Root: היה; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “it shall be”; Notes: Asserts that his own guilt remains with him.