וָאֲבִיאֵם֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֨אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י לָתֵ֥ת אֹותָ֖הּ לָהֶ֑ם וַיִּרְאוּ֩ כָל־גִּבְעָ֨ה רָמָ֜ה וְכָל־עֵ֣ץ עָבֹ֗ת וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־שָׁ֤ם אֶת־זִבְחֵיהֶם֙ וַיִּתְּנוּ־שָׁם֙ כַּ֣עַס קָרְבָּנָ֔ם וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ שָׁ֗ם רֵ֚יחַ נִיחֹ֣וחֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּסִּ֥יכוּ שָׁ֖ם אֶת־נִסְכֵּיהֶֽם׃
And I brought them into the land which I had lifted My hand to give to them, and they saw every high hill and every thick tree, and they sacrificed there their sacrifices, and they set there the provocation of their offerings, and they placed there the pleasing aroma of their sweet savors, and they poured out there their drink offerings.
Morphology
- וָאֲבִיאֵם (va-ʾaviʾem) – Root: בוא; Form: Hiphil wayyiqtol 1cs + 3mp suffix; Translation: “And I brought them”; Notes: Causative stem highlights YHWH’s agency in bringing Yisraʾel into the land.
- אֶל־הָאָרֶץ (ʾel-ha-ʾarets) – Root: ארץ; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular definite; Translation: “into the land”; Notes: Refers to the promised land.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Connects to divine oath.
- נָשָׂאתִי (nasati) – Root: נשא; Form: Qal perfect 1cs; Translation: “I lifted up”; Notes: Refers to oath-taking gesture (lifting the hand).
- אֶת־יָדִי (ʾet-yadi) – Root: יד; Form: Noun feminine singular + 1cs suffix; Translation: “my hand”; Notes: Gesture of swearing an oath.
- לָתֵת (latet) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to give”; Notes: Expresses purpose of the oath.
- אֹותָהּ (ʾotah) – Root: הוא; Form: Pronoun feminine singular suffix; Translation: “it”; Notes: Refers to the land.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: הם; Form: Preposition + 3mp suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Yisraʾel as the recipients.
- וַיִּרְאוּ (va-yirʾu) – Root: ראה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3mp; Translation: “and they saw”; Notes: Marks perception of sacred sites for worship.
- כָל־גִּבְעָה רָמָה (kol-givʿah ramah) – Root: גבע, רום; Form: Noun feminine singular construct + adjective feminine singular; Translation: “every high hill”; Notes: Common location for idolatrous worship.
- וְכָל־עֵץ עָבֹת (ve-khol-ʿets ʿavot) – Root: עץ, עבת; Form: Noun masculine singular + adjective masculine singular; Translation: “and every thick tree”; Notes: Symbolic of fertility cults and idolatry.
- וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־שָׁם (va-yizbeḥu-sham) – Root: זבח; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3mp + adverb; Translation: “and they sacrificed there”; Notes: Act of worship at forbidden sites.
- אֶת־זִבְחֵיהֶם (ʾet-zivḥeihem) – Root: זבח; Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 3mp suffix; Translation: “their sacrifices”; Notes: Refers to offerings to idols.
- וַיִּתְּנוּ־שָׁם (va-yittnu-sham) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3mp + adverb; Translation: “and they set there”; Notes: Placement of offerings as provocation.
- כַּעַס קָרְבָּנָם (kaʿas qorbanam) – Root: כעס, קרב; Form: Noun + noun construct with 3mp suffix; Translation: “the provocation of their offerings”; Notes: Emphasizes offensive nature of sacrifices.
- וַיָּשִׂימוּ שָׁם (va-yasimusham) – Root: שים; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3mp + adverb; Translation: “and they placed there”; Notes: Refers to arranging offerings.
- רֵיחַ נִיחֹוחֵיהֶם (reyaḥ niḥoḥeihem) – Root: ריח, נוח; Form: Noun masculine singular + construct plural with 3mp suffix; Translation: “the aroma of their pleasing savors”; Notes: Term usually used for YHWH’s acceptable sacrifices, here applied ironically to idols.
- וַיַּסִּיכוּ שָׁם (va-yassiku-sham) – Root: נסך; Form: Hiphil wayyiqtol 3mp + adverb; Translation: “and they poured out there”; Notes: Refers to drink offerings.
- אֶת־נִסְכֵּיהֶם (ʾet-niskeihem) – Root: נסך; Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 3mp suffix; Translation: “their drink offerings”; Notes: Idolatrous libations.