עָשֹׂ֥ה אֵ֖לֶּה לָ֑ךְ בִּזְנֹותֵךְ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י גֹויִ֔ם עַ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־נִטְמֵ֖את בְּגִלּוּלֵיהֶֽם׃
These things are done to you because of your whorings after the nations, because you were defiled with their idols.
Morphology
- עָשֹׂה (ʿāsōh) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “surely it is done”; Notes: Infinitive absolute used emphatically, stressing certainty of action.
- אֵלֶּה (ʾēlleh) – Root: אלה (ʾelleh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “these things”; Notes: Refers to punishments or calamities described in context.
- לָךְ (lākh) – Root: ל (lamed); Form: Preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Addressed to the personified city/nation.
- בִּזְנֹותֵךְ (bi-zenōtekh) – Root: זנה (zanah); Form: Preposition + noun feminine plural construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “because of your whorings”; Notes: Refers to repeated acts of idolatry and unfaithfulness.
- אַחֲרֵי (ʾaḥarē) – Root: אחר (ʾaḥar); Form: Preposition; Translation: “after”; Notes: Expresses pursuit or devotion to foreign nations.
- גֹויִם (goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Noun masculine plural absolute; Translation: “nations”; Notes: Refers to surrounding peoples whose practices Israel imitated.
- עַל (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition; Translation: “because”; Notes: Introduces reason for judgment.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשׁר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that / because”; Notes: Introduces subordinate clause of explanation.
- נִטְמֵאת (nitmēʾt) – Root: טמא (ṭaméʾ); Form: Niphal perfect 2nd feminine singular; Translation: “you were defiled”; Notes: Passive form, ritual/moral defilement through idolatry.
- בְּגִלּוּלֵיהֶם (be-gilluleihem) – Root: גלל (galal); Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix; Translation: “with their idols”; Notes: Derisive term for idols, possibly “dung pellets,” underscoring contempt.