לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֚עַן שָׁכַ֣חַתְּ אֹותִ֔י וַתַּשְׁלִ֥יכִי אֹותִ֖י אַחֲרֵ֣י גַוֵּ֑ךְ וְגַם־אַ֛תְּ שְׂאִ֥י זִמָּתֵ֖ךְ וְאֶת־תַּזְנוּתָֽיִךְ׃ ס
Therefore thus says the Lord YHWH: ‘Because you have forgotten me and have cast me behind your back, therefore you also bear your lewdness and your fornications.’”
Morphology
- לָכֵן (lākhēn) – Root: כן (ken); Form: Adverb; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Introduces divine judgment as consequence.
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: כה (koh); Form: Adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Standard prophetic introduction formula.
- אָמַר (ʾāmar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “has said”; Notes: Prophetic declaration formula.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun; Translation: “my Lord”; Notes: Title of divine sovereignty.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of God.
- יַעַן (yaʿan) – Root: יען (yaʿan); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “because”; Notes: Introduces reason for punishment.
- שָׁכַחַתְּ (shāḥakht) – Root: שׁכח (shakhaḥ); Form: Qal perfect 2nd feminine singular; Translation: “you have forgotten”; Notes: Addressed to Jerusalem as feminine addressee.
- אֹותִי (ʾotī) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker + 1st common singular suffix; Translation: “me”; Notes: God Himself as the forgotten one.
- וַתַּשְׁלִיכִי (va-tashlikhī) – Root: שׁלך (shalakh); Form: Hifil imperfect 2nd feminine singular with prefixed waw; Translation: “and you have cast”; Notes: Causative nuance, deliberate rejection of YHWH.
- אֹותִי (ʾotī) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Object marker + 1st common singular suffix; Translation: “me”; Notes: Emphasized by repetition, stressing rejection of God.
- אַחֲרֵי (ʾaḥarē) – Root: אחר (ʾaḥar); Form: Preposition; Translation: “behind”; Notes: Indicates contemptuous dismissal.
- גַוֵּךְ (gavvekh) – Root: גוו (gav); Form: Noun masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your back”; Notes: Symbol of rejection, turning one’s back.
- וְגַם (ve-gam) – Root: גם (gam); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “and also”; Notes: Intensifies the result clause.
- אַתְּ (ʾat) – Root: את (ʾatt); Form: Independent pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “you”; Notes: Emphatic personal reference.
- שְׂאִי (seʾī) – Root: נשא (nasaʾ); Form: Qal imperative 2nd feminine singular; Translation: “bear”; Notes: Command of consequence, bearing guilt or shame.
- זִמָּתֵךְ (zimmātekh) – Root: זמה (zimmah); Form: Noun feminine singular construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your lewdness”; Notes: Refers to corrupt or wicked schemes.
- וְאֶת־ (ve-ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Conjunction + direct object marker; Translation: [no direct translation]; Notes: Introduces direct object.
- תַּזְנוּתָיִךְ (taznūtayikh) – Root: זנה (zanah); Form: Noun feminine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your fornications”; Notes: Emphasizes repeated immoralities, metaphor for idolatry.