וּנְטַשְׁתִּ֣יךָ הַמִּדְבָּ֗רָה אֹותְךָ֙ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־דְּגַ֣ת יְאֹרֶ֔יךָ עַל־פְּנֵ֤י הַשָּׂדֶה֙ תִּפֹּ֔ול לֹ֥א תֵאָסֵ֖ף וְלֹ֣א תִקָּבֵ֑ץ לְחַיַּ֥ת הָאָ֛רֶץ וּלְעֹ֥וף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם נְתַתִּ֥יךָ לְאָכְלָֽה׃
And I will cast you into the wilderness, you and all the fish of your rivers; upon the face of the field you shall fall; you shall not be gathered, nor shall you be collected; to the beast of the earth and to the bird of the heavens I have given you for food.
Morphology
- וּנְטַשְׁתִּיךָ (u-netashtikha) – Root: נטשׁ (natash); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 1st person common singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and I will cast you”; Notes: Conveys YHWH’s act of abandonment or throwing away; symbolic of divine rejection.
- הַמִּדְבָּרָה (ha-midbarah) – Root: מדבר (midbar); Form: Definite noun masculine singular + directional he; Translation: “into the wilderness”; Notes: The ending -ה marks direction toward the wilderness, the place of desolation and exposure.
- אֹותְךָ (ʾotkha) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “you”; Notes: Marks Pharaoh as the object of YHWH’s casting away.
- וְאֵת (ve-et) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction וְ + direct object marker; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links the primary object with its secondary—Pharaoh and the fish of his rivers.
- כָּל־דְּגַת (kol-degat) – Root: כל (kol), דג (dag); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “all the fish of”; Notes: Expresses totality; a construct chain introducing “your rivers.”
- יְאֹרֶיךָ (yeʾoreikha) – Root: יאר (yeʾor); Form: Noun masculine plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your rivers”; Notes: Refers to the Nile system under Pharaoh’s dominion.
- עַל־פְּנֵי (ʿal-penei) – Root: על (ʿal), פנה (paneh); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “upon the face of”; Notes: A common idiom meaning “on the surface of.”
- הַשָּׂדֶה (ha-sadeh) – Root: שׂדה (sadeh); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the field”; Notes: Symbolizes open exposure, devoid of protection or shelter.
- תִּפֹּול (tippol) – Root: נפל (nafal); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall fall”; Notes: Expresses the inevitable downfall and humiliation decreed by YHWH.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Denotes negation, emphasizing the futility of recovery or burial.
- תֵאָסֵף (teʾasef) – Root: אסף (ʾasaf); Form: Nifal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall be gathered”; Notes: Refers to burial or collection of the dead, here denied to Pharaoh.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction וְ + negative particle; Translation: “nor”; Notes: Continues the double negation of restoration or honor in death.
- תִקָּבֵץ (tiqqavetṣ) – Root: קבץ (qavats); Form: Nifal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall be collected”; Notes: Parallel to “be gathered,” stressing unburied disgrace.
- לְחַיַּת (le-ḥayyat) – Root: חיה (ḥayah); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “to the beast of”; Notes: Introduces those who will consume Pharaoh—wild animals.
- הָאָרֶץ (ha-arets) – Root: ארץ (ʾarets); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: Refers to the land surface, contrasting with “birds of the heavens.”
- וּלְעֹוף (u-le-ʿof) – Root: עוף (ʿof); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and to the bird of”; Notes: Denotes the birds that feed upon corpses—an image of desecration.
- הַשָּׁמַיִם (ha-shamayim) – Root: שׁמים (shamayim); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the heavens”; Notes: Represents the aerial creatures that share in Pharaoh’s destruction.
- נְתַתִּיךָ (netattikha) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “I have given you”; Notes: Declares divine assignment of Pharaoh’s corpse to scavengers.
- לְאָכְלָה (le-okhlah) – Root: אכל (ʾakhal); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “for food”; Notes: Indicates the purpose of the divine decree—Pharaoh becomes prey for beasts and birds.