וְשַׁבְתִּי֮ אֶת־שְׁב֣וּת עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וּבָנ֞וּ עָרִ֤ים נְשַׁמֹּות֙ וְיָשָׁ֔בוּ וְנָטְע֣וּ כְרָמִ֔ים וְשָׁת֖וּ אֶת־יֵינָ֑ם וְעָשׂ֣וּ גַנֹּ֔ות וְאָכְל֖וּ אֶת־פְּרִיהֶֽם׃
And I will restore the captivity of my people Yisraʾel, and they will build desolate cities and live in them, and they will plant vineyards and drink their wine, and they will make gardens and eat their fruit.
Morphology
- וְשַׁבְתִּי (ve-shavti) – Root: שׁוב (shuv); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 1cs; Translation: “and I will restore”; Notes: Perfect with future sense in prophetic speech.
- אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct-object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks “the captivity” as object.
- שְׁב֣וּת (shevut) – Root: שׁבה (shavah); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “captivity / fortunes”; Notes: Refers to exiles or restored fortunes.
- עַמִּ֣י (ʿammi) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 1cs; Translation: “my people”; Notes: Expresses covenant possession.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ (Yisraʾel) – Root: שרי / ישׂר (y-s-r); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Nation addressed.
- וּבָנ֞וּ (u-vanu) – Root: בנה (banah); Form: Conjunction וּ + Qal perfect 3mp; Translation: “and they will build”; Notes: Describes restored productivity.
- עָרִ֤ים (arim) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “cities”; Notes: Rebuilt settlements.
- נְשַׁמֹּות֙ (neshamot) – Root: שׁמם (shamam); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “desolate”; Notes: Represents formerly ruined cities.
- וְיָשָׁ֔בוּ (ve-yashavu) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3mp; Translation: “and they will live”; Notes: Indicates resettlement after exile.
- וְנָטְע֣וּ (ve-natʿu) – Root: נטע (nataʿ); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3mp; Translation: “and they will plant”; Notes: Literal agricultural renewal.
- כְרָמִ֔ים (keramim) – Root: כרם (kerem); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “vineyards”; Notes: Symbol of economic recovery.
- וְשָׁת֖וּ (ve-shatu) – Root: שתה (shatah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3mp; Translation: “and they will drink”; Notes: Enjoying fruit of restored land.
- אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct-object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks “their wine” as object.
- יֵינָ֑ם (yeinam) – Root: יין (yayin); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3mp; Translation: “their wine”; Notes: Product of their vineyards.
- וְעָשׂ֣וּ (ve-ʿasu) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3mp; Translation: “and they will make”; Notes: Further restoration activity.
- גַנֹּ֔ות (gannot) – Root: גן (gan); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “gardens”; Notes: Symbol of flourishing agriculture.
- וְאָכְל֖וּ (ve-akhelu) – Root: אכל (akhal); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3mp; Translation: “and they will eat”; Notes: They enjoy the results of their labor.
- אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct-object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks “their fruit” as object.
- פְּרִיהֶֽם (perihem) – Root: פרה (parah) or פרי (peri); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3mp; Translation: “their fruit”; Notes: Culmination of restored blessing.