הִנֵּ֨ה יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְנִגַּ֤שׁ חֹורֵשׁ֙ בַּקֹּצֵ֔ר וְדֹרֵ֥ךְ עֲנָבִ֖ים בְּמֹשֵׁ֣ךְ הַזָּ֑רַע וְהִטִּ֤יפוּ הֶֽהָרִים֙ עָסִ֔יס וְכָל־הַגְּבָעֹ֖ות תִּתְמֹוגַֽגְנָה׃
“Behold days are coming,” declares YHWH, “when the plowman will draw near to the reaper, and the treader of grapes to the one dragging the seed, and the mountains will drip sweet wine, and all the hills shall melt.
Morphology
- הִנֵּ֨ה (hinneh) – Root: הנה (hinneh); Form: Demonstrative particle; Translation: “Behold”; Notes: Introduces a prophetic announcement.
- יָמִ֤ים (yamim) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “days”; Notes: Refers to future times.
- בָּאִים֙ (baʾim) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “coming”; Notes: Participial form marks an approaching event.
- נְאֻם־ (neʾum) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “declaration of”; Notes: Formal prophetic formula.
- יְהוָ֔ה (YHWH) – Root: יהה/הוה (YHWH-related); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Left untranslated per instructions.
- וְנִגַּ֤שׁ (ve-niggash) – Root: נגשׁ (nagash); Form: Conjunction וְ + Nifal imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “and will draw near”; Notes: Nifal conveys a passive/reflexive nuance.
- חֹורֵשׁ֙ (ḥoresh) – Root: חרשׁ (ḥarash); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “plowman”; Notes: One who plows the field.
- בַּקֹּצֵ֔ר (ba-kotser) – Root: קצר (qatsar); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “to the reaper”; Notes: Indicates close succession of agricultural tasks.
- וְדֹרֵ֥ךְ (ve-dorekh) – Root: דרך (darakh); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “and the treader”; Notes: Refers to one treading grapes.
- עֲנָבִ֖ים (anavim) – Root: ענב (ʿanav); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “grapes”; Notes: Fruit used for wine-making.
- בְּמֹשֵׁ֣ךְ (be-moshekh) – Root: משׁך (mashakh); Form: Preposition בְּ + Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “to the one dragging”; Notes: The image depicts overlapping agricultural activities.
- הַזָּ֑רַע (ha-zaraʿ) – Root: זרע (zaraʿ); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the seed”; Notes: Refers to sower/seed-handler.
- וְהִטִּ֤יפוּ (ve-hittifu) – Root: נטף (nataf); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine plural; Translation: “and they will drip”; Notes: Hiphil expresses causative action.
- הֶֽהָרִים֙ (he-harim) – Root: הר (har); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the mountains”; Notes: Here personified in blessing imagery.
- עָסִ֔יס (asīs) – Root: עסס (ʿasis); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “sweet wine”; Notes: Refers to fresh, sweet grape-juice or wine.
- וְכָל־ (ve-khol) – Root: כלל (kalal); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and all of”; Notes: Introduces a collective subject.
- הַגְּבָעֹ֖ות (ha-gevʿot) – Root: גבע (gavaʿ); Form: Definite noun feminine plural; Translation: “the hills”; Notes: Often paired with mountains in blessing or judgment imagery.
- תִּתְמֹוגַֽגְנָה (titmogagna) – Root: מוג (mog); Form: Hitpael imperfect 3rd feminine plural; Translation: “shall melt”; Notes: Depicts overwhelming abundance causing figurative “melting.”