וַֽיהוָ֗ה הֵטִ֤יל רֽוּחַ־גְּדֹולָה֙ אֶל־הַיָּ֔ם וַיְהִ֥י סַֽעַר־גָּדֹ֖ול בַּיָּ֑ם וְהָ֣אֳנִיָּ֔ה חִשְּׁבָ֖ה לְהִשָּׁבֵֽר׃
And YHWH hurled a great wind into the sea, and there was a great storm in the sea, and the ship thought to be broken.
Morphology
- וַֽיהוָ֗ה (va-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Conjunction וַ + proper divine name; Translation: “And YHWH”; Notes: YHWH is the subject initiating the action.
- הֵטִ֤יל (hetil) – Root: טול (t-w-l); Form: Hiphil perfect 3ms; Translation: “hurled”; Notes: A forceful, deliberate act of divine intervention.
- רֽוּחַ־גְּדֹולָה֙ (ruaḥ-gedolah) – Root: רוח (r-w-ḥ); Form: Noun feminine singular + adjective feminine singular; Translation: “a great wind”; Notes: A powerful storm-wind employed by YHWH.
- אֶל־ (el) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Preposition אֶל; Translation: “into”; Notes: Indicates direction of the hurled wind.
- הַיָּ֔ם (ha-yam) – Root: ים (y-m); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the sea”; Notes: Likely the Mediterranean Sea.
- וַיְהִ֥י (va-yehi) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Conjunction וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and there was”; Notes: Introduces the resulting condition produced by the wind.
- סַֽעַר־גָּדֹ֖ול (saʿar-gadol) – Root: סער (s-ʿ-r); Form: Noun masculine singular + adjective masculine singular; Translation: “a great storm”; Notes: Violent maritime tempest.
- בַּיָּ֑ם (ba-yam) – Root: ים (y-m); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the sea”; Notes: Locative description of the storm.
- וְהָ֣אֳנִיָּ֔ה (ve-ha’oniyyah) – Root: אנייה (ʾ-n-y-h); Form: Conjunction וְ + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “and the ship”; Notes: The vessel carrying Yonah.
- חִשְּׁבָ֖ה (ḥishebah) – Root: חשב (ḥ-sh-b); Form: Piel perfect 3fs; Translation: “thought”; Notes: Personification: the ship is depicted as if reasoning.
- לְהִשָּׁבֵֽר (le-hishaver) – Root: שבר (sh-b-r); Form: Preposition לְ + Nifal infinitive; Translation: “to be broken”; Notes: Describes imminent destruction from the storm.