וַיְמַ֣ן יְהוָֽה־֠אֱלֹהִים קִיקָיֹ֞ון וַיַּ֣עַל מֵעַ֣ל לְיֹונָ֗ה לִֽהְיֹ֥ות צֵל֙ עַל־רֹאשֹׁ֔ו לְהַצִּ֥יל לֹ֖ו מֵרָֽעָתֹ֑ו וַיִּשְׂמַ֥ח יֹונָ֛ה עַל־הַקִּֽיקָיֹ֖ון שִׂמְחָ֥ה גְדֹולָֽה׃
And YHWH God appointed a gourd plant, and it went up over Yona to be shade over his head to deliver him from his evil, and Yona rejoiced over the qiqayon with great rejoicing.
Morphology
- וַיְמַן (va-yeman) – Root: מנה (manah); Form: Piel wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “And appointed”; Notes: Indicates YHWH’s purposeful designation of the plant.
- יְהוָה־אֱלֹהִים (YHWH Elohim) – Root: יהוה / אל (YHWH / Eloah); Form: Proper divine names; Translation: “YHWH Elohim”; Notes: Uses the covenant name alongside the title emphasizing sovereignty.
- קִיקָיֹון (qiqayon) – Root: קיקה (qiqah); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a qiqayon”; Notes: A specific plant known only here; meaning uncertain.
- וַיַּעַל (va-yaʿal) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and it went up”; Notes: Describes divinely caused rapid growth.
- מֵעַל (meʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition מִן + preposition עַל; Translation: “over”; Notes: Compound expression describing position above Yonah.
- לְיֹונָה (le-Yonah) – Root: יון (yon); Form: Preposition לְ + proper noun; Translation: “for Yonah”; Notes: Indicates beneficiary.
- לִהְיֹות (liheyot) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Preposition לְ + infinitive construct; Translation: “to be”; Notes: Introduces purpose clause.
- צֵל (tsel) – Root: צל (tsel); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “shade”; Notes: Relief from heat.
- עַל־רֹאשׁוֹ (ʿal-rosho) – Root: על / ראשׁ (ʿal / rosh); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “over his head”; Notes: Placement of plant’s shade.
- לְהַצִּיל (le-hatsil) – Root: נצל (natsal); Form: Preposition לְ + Hiphil infinitive construct; Translation: “to deliver”; Notes: Expresses divine intention.
- לֹו (lo) – Root: ל (l); Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 3ms; Translation: “for him”; Notes: Indicates benefactive action.
- מֵרָעָתוֹ (me-raʿato) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Preposition מִן + noun feminine singular + suffix 3ms; Translation: “from his evil / distress”; Notes: Refers to emotional anguish.
- וַיִּשְׂמַח (va-yismakh) – Root: שׂמח (samakh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3ms; Translation: “and he rejoiced”; Notes: Strong emotional response.
- יֹונָה (Yonah) – Root: יון (yon); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yonah”; Notes: Subject again emphasized.
- עַל־הַקִּיקָיֹון (ʿal-ha-qiqayon) – Root: קיקה (qiqah); Form: Preposition עַל + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “over the qiqayon”; Notes: Object of delight.
- שִׂמְחָה (simḥah) – Root: שׂמח (samakh); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “rejoicing”; Notes: Emotional expression.
- גְדֹולָה (gedolah) – Root: גדל (gadal); Form: Adjective feminine singular; Translation: “great”; Notes: Intensifies Yonah’s joy.