תֶּן־לָהֶ֣ם כְּפָעֳלָם֮ וּכְרֹ֪עַ מַֽעַלְלֵ֫יהֶ֥ם כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְ֭דֵיהֶם תֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֑ם הָשֵׁ֖ב גְּמוּלָ֣ם לָהֶֽם׃
Give to them according to their work, and according to the evil of their deeds; according to the work of their hands give to them, return their recompense to them.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | תֶּן־לָהֶם | ten-lahem | “give to them” | Qal imperative 2ms + Prep לְ + suff 3mp |
| 2 | כְּפָעֳלָם | ke-foʿolam | “according to their work” | Prep כְּ + N(ms) + suff 3mp |
| 3 | וּכְרֹעַ | u-keroaʿ | “and according to the evil of” | Conj וְ + Prep כְּ + N(fs) |
| 4 | מַעַלְלֵיהֶם | maʿallehem | “their deeds” | N(mp) + suff 3mp |
| 5 | כְּמַעֲשֵׂה | ke-maʿaseh | “according to the work of” | Prep כְּ + N(ms) construct |
| 6 | יְדֵיהֶם | yedehem | “their hands” | N(fp) + suff 3mp |
| 7 | תֵּן | ten | “give” | Qal imperative 2ms |
| 8 | לָהֶם | lahem | “to them” | Prep לְ + suff 3mp |
| 9 | הָשֵׁב | hashev | “return” | Hiphil imperative 2ms |
| 10 | גְּמוּלָם | gemulam | “their recompense” | N(ms) + suff 3mp |
| 11 | לָהֶם | lahem | “to them” | Prep לְ + suff 3mp |
Morphology
- תֶּן־לָהֶם (ten-lahem) – Root: נתן (natan); Root Type: I-Nun (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Imperative 2nd person masculine singular + preposition לְ + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “Give to them”; Notes: A direct petition to YHWH for just recompense.
- כְּפָעֳלָם (ke-foʿolam) – Root: פעל (paʿal); Root Type: Strong; Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “according to their work”; Notes: Establishes the principle of measure-for-measure justice.
- וּכְרֹעַ (u-keroaʿ) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Root Type: Geminate (weak); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition כְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and according to the evil of”; Notes: Highlights the moral quality of their actions.
- מַעַלְלֵיהֶם (maʿallehem) – Root: עלל (ʿalal); Root Type: Geminate (weak); Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their deeds”; Notes: Refers to habitual actions or practices.
- כְּמַעֲשֵׂה (ke-maʿaseh) – Root: עשׂה (ʿasah); Root Type: III-ה (weak); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine singular construct (state: construct); Translation: “according to the work of”; Notes: Introduces a construct relationship with what follows.
- יְדֵיהֶם (yedehem) – Root: יד (yad); Root Type: I-Yod (weak); Form: Noun feminine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their hands”; Notes: Symbolizes their actions and agency.
- תֵּן (ten) – Root: נתן (natan); Root Type: I-Nun (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Imperative 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “Give”; Notes: Repetition intensifies the plea.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: ל (le); Root Type: Particle; Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Marks the indirect object receiving judgment.
- הָשֵׁב (hashev) – Root: שׁוב (shuv); Root Type: Hollow (weak); Binyan: Hiphil; Form: Imperative 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “Return”; Notes: Causative sense, to bring back or repay.
- גְּמוּלָם (gemulam) – Root: גמל (gamal); Root Type: Strong; Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their recompense”; Notes: Refers to deserved reward or punishment.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: ל (le); Root Type: Particle; Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Final emphasis on the recipients of judgment.