כִּ֡י הִנֵּה֩ יֹוצֵ֨ר הָרִ֜ים וּבֹרֵ֣א ר֗וּחַ וּמַגִּ֤יד לְאָדָם֙ מַה־שֵּׂחֹ֔ו עֹשֵׂ֥ה שַׁ֨חַר֙ עֵיפָ֔ה וְדֹרֵ֖ךְ עַל־בָּ֣מֳתֵי אָ֑רֶץ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־צְבָאֹ֖ות שְׁמֹֽו׃ ס
For behold, He who forms the mountains and creates the spirit and declares to man what is his thought, who makes the dawn darkness and treads upon the high places of the earth, YHWH, the God of Hosts, is His name.
Morphology
- כִּ֡י (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for / because”; Notes: Introduces a causal or explanatory clause affirming the divine attributes of YHWH.
- הִנֵּה֩ (hinneh) – Root: —; Form: Interjection; Translation: “behold”; Notes: A marker of emphasis drawing attention to YHWH’s sovereign creative power.
- יֹוצֵ֨ר (yotser) – Root: יצר (yatsar); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “forming” or “He who forms”; Notes: Portrays YHWH as a potter—shaping creation with deliberate craftsmanship.
- הָרִ֜ים (harim) – Root: הר (har); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “mountains”; Notes: Symbolic of grandeur and strength—YHWH’s creative reach extends to the highest natural forms.
- וּבֹרֵ֣א (u-vo’re) – Root: ברא (baraʾ); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “and creating”; Notes: Denotes divine creation ex nihilo—unique to YHWH.
- ר֗וּחַ (ruaḥ) – Root: רוח (ruaḥ); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “spirit” or “wind”; Notes: Can signify both the human spirit and the life-giving breath from God.
- וּמַגִּ֤יד (u-maggid) – Root: נגד (nagad); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hiphil participle masculine singular; Translation: “and declaring”; Notes: Expresses divine revelation—YHWH makes known hidden things.
- לְאָדָם֙ (le-adam) – Root: אדם (adam); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “to man”; Notes: Denotes humankind in general, the recipient of divine communication.
- מַה־שֵּׂחֹ֔ו (mah-sekho) – Root: שׂיח (siyaḥ); Form: Interrogative particle מַה + noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “what is his thought”; Notes: Indicates YHWH’s omniscience—He reveals the inner discourse of human hearts.
- עֹשֵׂ֥ה (ʿoseh) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “making”; Notes: Denotes continuous divine activity in maintaining and ordering creation.
- שַׁ֨חַר֙ (shaḥar) – Root: שחר (shaḥar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “dawn”; Notes: Represents the first light of day—symbolic of renewal and revelation.
- עֵיפָ֔ה (ʿeifah) – Root: עיף (ʿayef); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “darkness” or “gloom”; Notes: The word conveys the dimming of dawn into twilight—possibly poetic inversion emphasizing YHWH’s control over light and darkness.
- וְדֹרֵ֖ךְ (ve-dorekh) – Root: דרך (darakh); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “and treading”; Notes: Describes divine dominion—YHWH strides over the highest places of creation.
- עַל־בָּ֣מֳתֵי (ʿal-bamote) – Root: במה (bamah); Form: Preposition עַל + noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “upon the high places of”; Notes: Symbol of supreme authority and majesty.
- אָ֑רֶץ (ʾarets) – Root: ארץ (ʾarets); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: Completes the image of divine sovereignty extending across all creation.
- יְהוָ֥ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of God—foundation of all creative and judicial authority.
- אֱלֹהֵֽי־צְבָאֹ֖ות (Elohei-tsevaʾot) – Root: אלה (ʾalah), צבה (tsavah); Form: Construct phrase “God of hosts”; Translation: “God of hosts”; Notes: Denotes YHWH as commander over heavenly armies—emphasizing might and order.
- שְׁמֹֽו׃ (shemo) – Root: שם (shem); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “is His name”; Notes: The verse concludes with a doxological affirmation of YHWH’s identity.