וַאדֹנָ֨י יְהוִ֜ה הַצְּבָא֗וֹת הַנּוֹגֵ֤עַ בָּאָ֨רֶץ֙ וַתָּמ֔וֹג וְאָבְל֖וּ כָּל־י֣וֹשְׁבֵי בָ֑הּ וְעָלְתָ֤ה כַיְאֹר֙ כֻּלָּ֔הּ וְשָׁקְעָ֖ה כִּיאֹ֥ר מִצְרָֽיִם׃
And the Lord YHWH of Hosts, who touches the earth and it melts, and all who dwell in it mourn, and it rises like the River, all of it, and it sinks like the River of Mitsrayim.
Morphology
- וַאדֹנָי (va-ʾAdonai) — Root: אדן; Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural of majesty; Translation: “And the Lord”; Notes: “Adonai” expresses divine sovereignty. Appears with YHWH for emphasis.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) — Root: הוה; Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of Israel’s God.
- הַצְּבָאוֹת (ha-tsevaʾot) — Root: צבא; Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Refers to heavenly armies under YHWH’s command.
- הַנּוֹגֵעַ (ha-nogeʿa) — Root: נגע; Form: Definite Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “who touches”; Notes: Ongoing or characteristic action attributed to YHWH.
- בָּאָרֶץ (ba-ʾaretz) — Root: ארץ; Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: YHWH’s touch affects the entire land.
- וַתָּמֹג (va-tamog) — Root: מוג; Form: Conjunction וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and it melts”; Notes: Depicts the earth’s reaction to divine presence.
- וְאָבְלוּ (ve-avlu) — Root: אבל; Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they mourn”; Notes: Describes the inhabitants’ grief at cosmic upheaval.
- כָּל (kol) — Root: כל; Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all”; Notes: Totality of those dwelling in the land.
- יֹשְׁבֵי (yoshevei) — Root: ישׁב; Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “those dwelling”; Notes: Participle functioning substantively.
- בָּהּ (bah) — Root: בְּ; Form: Preposition בְּ + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “in it”; Notes: Refers back to “the earth.”
- וְעָלְתָה (ve-ʿaltah) — Root: עלה; Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and it rises”; Notes: Refers to flooding imagery.
- כַיְאֹר (ka-yeʾor) — Root: יאור; Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like the Nile”; Notes: The Nile’s flooding is a vivid metaphor.
- כֻּלָּהּ (kullah) — Root: כל; Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “all of it”; Notes: Emphasizes total inundation.
- וְשָׁקְעָה (ve-shaqʿah) — Root: שׁקע; Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and it sinks”; Notes: Completes the flood cycle metaphor.
- כִּיאֹר (ki-yeʾor) — Root: יאור; Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like the Nile”; Notes: Repetition heightens the imagery.
- מִצְרָיִם (Mitsrayim) — Root: מצר; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Mitsrayim”; Notes: Hebrew name for Egypt; retains scholarly transliteration.