לֹ֣א תֹאכְל֣וּ כָל־֠נְבֵלָה לַגֵּ֨ר אֲשֶׁר־בִּשְׁעָרֶ֜יךָ תִּתְּנֶ֣נָּה וַאֲכָלָ֗הּ אֹ֤ו מָכֹר֙ לְנָכְרִ֔י כִּ֣י עַ֤ם קָדֹושׁ֙ אַתָּ֔ה לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לֹֽא־תְבַשֵּׁ֥ל גְּדִ֖י בַּחֲלֵ֥ב אִמֹּֽו׃ פ
You shall not eat any carcass. You may give it to the sojourner who is within your gates, that he may eat it, or sell it to a foreigner, for you are a holy people to YHWH your God. You shall not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk.
Morphology
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “You shall not”; Notes: Indicates prohibition.
- תֹאכְל֣וּ (toʾakhelu) – Root: אכל (ʾakal); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “eat”; Notes: Refers to the act of eating, directed at the audience.
- כָל־ (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “any”; Notes: Refers to an inclusive category.
- נְבֵלָה (nevelah) – Root: נבל (naval); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “carcass”; Notes: Refers to an animal that died naturally or was not slaughtered ritually.
- לַגֵּ֨ר (la-ger) – Root: גר (ger); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “to the sojourner”; Notes: Refers to a resident alien or foreigner living within the community.
- אֲשֶׁר־ (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- בִּשְׁעָרֶ֜יךָ (bishʿarekha) – Root: שער (shaʿar); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine plural construct and 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “within your gates”; Notes: Refers to the city gates or dwelling places under one’s jurisdiction.
- תִּתְּנֶ֣נָּה (titnennah) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “you may give it”; Notes: Refers to permission to give the carcass to another.
- וַאֲכָלָ֗הּ (va-ʾakhalah) – Root: אכל (ʾakal); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “that he may eat it”; Notes: Refers to the sojourner consuming the carcass.
- אֹ֤ו (o) – Root: או (o); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “or”; Notes: Indicates an alternative option.
- מָכֹר֙ (makhor) – Root: מכר (makar); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “sell”; Notes: Refers to the act of selling.
- לְנָכְרִ֔י (le-nakhri) – Root: נכר (nakhar); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “to a foreigner”; Notes: Refers to someone not part of Israelite society.
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason.
- עַ֤ם (ʿam) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “a people”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites.
- קָדֹושׁ֙ (qadosh) – Root: קדש (qadash); Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “holy”; Notes: Indicates consecration to YHWH.
- אַתָּ֔ה (attah) – Root: אתה (attah); Form: Pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “you”; Notes: Refers to the addressed individual or group.
- לַיהוָ֖ה (la-YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Preposition with proper noun; Translation: “to YHWH”; Notes: Refers to God’s covenant name.
- אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ (ʾelohekha) – Root: אלה (ʾeloh); Form: Noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your God”; Notes: Refers to the divine relationship with Israel.
- לֹֽא־תְבַשֵּׁ֥ל (lo tevashel) – Root: בשל (bashel); Form: Negative particle with Piel imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall not boil”; Notes: Indicates prohibition of a specific action.
- גְּדִ֖י (gedi) – Root: גד (gad); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “a young goat”; Notes: Refers to a young animal.
- בַּחֲלֵ֥ב (ba-ḥalev) – Root: חלב (ḥalav); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “in the milk”; Notes: Refers to the milk of the mother goat.
- אִמֹּֽו (immo) – Root: אם (ʾem); Form: Noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “its mother”; Notes: Refers to the mother of the young goat.