Deuteronomy 20:12

וְאִם־לֹ֤א תַשְׁלִים֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ וְעָשְׂתָ֥ה עִמְּךָ֖ מִלְחָמָ֑ה וְצַרְתָּ֖ עָלֶֽיהָ׃

But if it does not make peace with you and makes war against you, then you shall besiege it.

Morphology

1. וְאִם־לֹ֤א (ve-im-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction with negative particle; Translation: “But if not”; Notes: Introduces a conditional clause.
2. תַשְׁלִים֙ (tashlim) – Root: שלם (shalem); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “it makes peace”; Notes: Refers to the city refusing peace.
3. עִמָּ֔ךְ (immaḵ) – Root: עם (im); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “with you”; Notes: Indicates the party being addressed.
4. וְעָשְׂתָ֥ה (ve-asetah) – Root: עשה (asah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and it makes”; Notes: Describes the city’s action.
5. עִמְּךָ֖ (immecha) – Root: עם (im); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “with you”; Notes: Reiterates opposition.
6. מִלְחָמָ֑ה (milḥamah) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “war”; Notes: Refers to conflict or battle.
7. וְצַרְתָּ֖ (ve-tsarta) – Root: צרר (tsarar); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “then you shall besiege”; Notes: Indicates the response to resistance.
8. עָלֶֽיהָ׃ (aleha) – Root: על (al); Form: Preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “against it”; Notes: Refers to the city under siege.