Deuteronomy 21:16

וְהָיָ֗ה בְּיֹום֙ הַנְחִילֹ֣ו אֶת־בָּנָ֔יו אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־יִהְיֶ֖ה לֹ֑ו לֹ֣א יוּכַ֗ל לְבַכֵּר֙ אֶת־בֶּן־הָ֣אֲהוּבָ֔ה עַל־פְּנֵ֥י בֶן־הַשְּׂנוּאָ֖ה הַבְּכֹֽר׃

And it shall be, on the day that he bequeaths his possessions to his sons, he shall not be able to regard the son of the loved wife as firstborn before the son of the unloved, who is the firstborn.

Morphology

1. וְהָיָ֗ה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it shall be”; Notes: Introduces a legal ruling.
2. בְּיֹום֙ (be-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “on the day”; Notes: Specifies the time frame of the action.
3. הַנְחִילֹ֣ו (ha-nḥilo) – Root: נחל (naḥal); Form: Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “that he bequeaths”; Notes: Legal term referring to inheritance distribution.
4. אֶת־בָּנָ֔יו (et-banav) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his sons”; Notes: The recipients of the inheritance.
5. אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־יִהְיֶ֖ה לֹ֑ו (et asher-yihyeh lo) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “whatever he has”; Notes: Specifies the estate being distributed.
6. לֹ֣א יוּכַ֗ל (lo yukhal) – Root: יכל (yakhol); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he shall not be able”; Notes: Expresses prohibition.
7. לְבַכֵּר֙ (le-vakker) – Root: בכר (bakhar); Form: Piel infinitive construct; Translation: “to regard as firstborn”; Notes: Refers to the legal status of the firstborn.
8. אֶת־בֶּן־הָ֣אֲהוּבָ֔ה (et-ben ha-ahuvah) – Root: בן (ben) + אהב (ahav); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with adjective; Translation: “the son of the loved”; Notes: The son of the favored wife.
9. עַל־פְּנֵ֥י (al-penei) – Root: פנים (panim); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct with preposition; Translation: “before”; Notes: Establishes a comparison.
10. בֶן־הַשְּׂנוּאָ֖ה (ben ha-senu’ah) – Root: בן (ben) + שנא (sane); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with adjective; Translation: “the son of the unloved”; Notes: Refers to the rightful firstborn.
11. הַבְּכֹֽר (ha-bekhor) – Root: בכר (bakhar); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “who is the firstborn”; Notes: Confirms the legitimate firstborn status.