וְשָׂ֥ם לָהּ֙ עֲלִילֹ֣ת דְּבָרִ֔ים וְהֹוצִ֥יא עָלֶ֖יהָ שֵׁ֣ם רָ֑ע וְאָמַ֗ר אֶת־הָאִשָּׁ֤ה הַזֹּאת֙ לָקַ֔חְתִּי וָאֶקְרַ֣ב אֵלֶ֔יהָ וְלֹא־מָצָ֥אתִי לָ֖הּ בְּתוּלִֽים׃
And he makes accusations against her and brings forth a bad name upon her, and he says: ‘I took this woman, and I approached her, but I did not find in her virginity.’
Morphology
- וְשָׂ֥ם (ve-sam) – Root: שם (sum); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and he places”; Notes: Indicates an intentional act.
- לָהּ֙ (lah) – Root: ל (le) + suffix; Form: Preposition + pronoun 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “to her”; Notes: Indicating direction.
- עֲלִילֹ֣ת (‘alilot) – Root: עלל (‘alal); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “accusations”; Notes: Often associated with false claims.
- דְּבָרִ֔ים (devarim) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “words”; Notes: Connected to the previous noun as “false accusations.”
- וְהֹוצִ֥יא (ve-hotzi) – Root: יצא (yatsa); Form: Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and he brings forth”; Notes: Used in the sense of defaming someone.
- עָלֶ֖יהָ (‘aleha) – Root: על (‘al) + suffix; Form: Preposition + pronoun 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “upon her”; Notes: Expresses the direction of slander.
- שֵׁ֣ם (shem) – Root: שם (shem); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “name”; Notes: Refers to reputation.
- רָ֑ע (ra) – Root: רע (ra); Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “evil”; Notes: Modifies “name” to mean “bad reputation.”
- וְאָמַ֗ר (ve-amar) – Root: אמר (amar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and he says”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- אֶת־הָאִשָּׁ֤ה (et-ha-ishah) – Root: אשה (ishah); Form: Definite direct object; Translation: “the woman”; Notes: Specifies whom he is accusing.
- הַזֹּאת֙ (ha-zot) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Reinforces the specificity of the woman.
- לָקַ֔חְתִּי (laqachti) – Root: לקח (laqah); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I took”; Notes: Refers to the act of marriage.
- וָאֶקְרַ֣ב (va-eqrav) – Root: קרב (qarav); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and I approached”; Notes: Refers to physical relations.
- אֵלֶ֔יהָ (eleha) – Root: אל (el) + suffix; Form: Preposition + pronoun 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “to her”; Notes: Shows the direction of the action.
- וְלֹא־מָצָ֥אתִי (ve-lo matzati) – Root: מצא (matsa); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “but I did not find”; Notes: Indicates his claim of discovering something missing.
- לָ֖הּ (lah) – Root: ל (le) + suffix; Form: Preposition + pronoun 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “for her”; Notes: Possessive.
- בְּתוּלִֽים (betulim) – Root: בתל (betul); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “virginity”; Notes: The subject of his accusation.