לֹֽא־יוּמְת֤וּ אָבֹות֙ עַל־בָּנִ֔ים וּבָנִ֖ים לֹא־יוּמְת֣וּ עַל־אָבֹ֑ות אִ֥ישׁ בְּחֶטְאֹ֖ו יוּמָֽתוּ׃ ס
Fathers shall not be put to death for their sons, nor shall sons be put to death for their fathers; each man shall be put to death for his own sin.
Morphology
- לֹֽא־ (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “shall not”; Notes: Expresses prohibition.
- יוּמְת֤וּ (yumtu) – Root: מות (mut); Form: Hofal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “be put to death”; Notes: Refers to capital punishment.
- אָבֹות֙ (avot) – Root: אב (av); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “fathers”; Notes: Refers to ancestors.
- עַל־בָּנִ֔ים (ʿal-banim) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Noun, masculine plural with preposition; Translation: “for their sons”; Notes: Specifies relation.
- וּבָנִ֖ים (u-banim) – Root: בן (ben); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “and sons”; Notes: Refers to descendants.
- לֹא־ (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “shall not”; Notes: Expresses prohibition.
- יוּמְת֣וּ (yumtu) – Root: מות (mut); Form: Hofal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “be put to death”; Notes: Parallel to the previous clause.
- עַל־אָבֹ֑ות (ʿal-avot) – Root: אב (av); Form: Noun, masculine plural with preposition; Translation: “for their fathers”; Notes: Specifies the relation.
- אִ֥ישׁ (ish) – Root: איש (ish); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “each man”; Notes: Introduces individual responsibility.
- בְּחֶטְאֹ֖ו (be-ḥeto) – Root: חטא (ḥata); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition and suffix; Translation: “for his own sin”; Notes: Specifies accountability.
- יוּמָֽתוּ׃ (yumatu) – Root: מות (mut); Form: Hofal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “shall be put to death”; Notes: Emphasizes personal responsibility.