כָּל־אֵ֜לֶּה עָרִ֧ים בְּצֻרֹ֛ות חֹומָ֥ה גְבֹהָ֖ה דְּלָתַ֣יִם וּבְרִ֑יחַ לְבַ֛ד מֵעָרֵ֥י הַפְּרָזִ֖י הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃
All these cities were fortified with high walls, gates, and bars, apart from the unwalled towns, which were very numerous.
Morphology
- כָּל־אֵ֜לֶּה (kol-elleh) – Root: כל (kl) + אלה (ʾlh); Form: Construct noun + demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural; Translation: “All these”; Notes: Refers to the fortified cities mentioned earlier.
- עָרִ֧ים (ʿarim) – Root: עיר (ʿyr); Form: Noun, feminine plural; Translation: “cities”; Notes: Fortified urban centers.
- בְּצֻרֹ֛ות (b’tzurōt) – Root: בצר (bṣr); Form: Noun, feminine plural with preposition; Translation: “fortified”; Notes: Describes the cities as having strong defenses.
- חֹומָ֥ה (ḥomah) – Root: חמה (ḥmh); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “wall”; Notes: Refers to a protective wall around the cities.
- גְבֹהָ֖ה (g’vohah) – Root: גבה (gbh); Form: Adjective, feminine singular; Translation: “high”; Notes: Qualifies the height of the wall.
- דְּלָתַ֣יִם (d’latayim) – Root: דלת (dlt); Form: Noun, feminine dual; Translation: “gates”; Notes: Refers to the city gates.
- וּבְרִ֑יחַ (u’v’riaḥ) – Root: ברח (brḥ); Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and bars”; Notes: Indicates metal bars for security.
- לְבַ֛ד (l’vad) – Root: בדד (bdd); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “apart from”; Notes: Excludes the unwalled towns.
- מֵעָרֵ֥י (meʿarei) – Root: עיר (ʿyr); Form: Preposition + noun, plural construct; Translation: “from the towns of”; Notes: Partitive phrase indicating exclusion.
- הַפְּרָזִ֖י (ha’prāzi) – Root: פרז (prz); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the unwalled”; Notes: Refers to rural or open towns.
- הַרְבֵּ֥ה (harbeh) – Root: רבה (rbh); Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “numerous”; Notes: Describes the abundance of unwalled towns.
- מְאֹֽד׃ (m’od) – Root: אד (ʾd); Form: Adverb; Translation: “very”; Notes: Intensifies the adjective “numerous.”