וַיֹּאמַ֗ר יְהוָ֞ה מִסִּינַ֥י בָּא֙ וְזָרַ֤ח מִשֵּׂעִיר֙ לָ֔מֹו הֹופִ֨יעַ֙ מֵהַ֣ר פָּארָ֔ן וְאָתָ֖ה מֵרִבְבֹ֣ת קֹ֑דֶשׁ מִֽימִינֹ֕ו אשֶׂדת לָֽמֹו׃
And he said, YHWH came from Sinai, and shone from Seʿir to them; He appeared from Mount Paʾran, and He came with ten thousands of holiness; from His right hand came a fiery law for them.
Morphology
- וַיֹּאמַ֗ר (vayomer) – Root: אָמַר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduces the speech of Moshe as part of his blessing.
- יְהוָ֞ה (YHWH) – Root: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the divine name of God.
- מִסִּינַ֥י (mi-Sinai) – Root: סִינַי (Sinai); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “from Sinai”; Notes: Indicates the origin of YHWH’s appearance.
- בָּא֙ (ba) – Root: בּוֹא (b-w-ʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “came”; Notes: Describes YHWH’s coming from Sinai.
- וְזָרַ֤ח (vezarach) – Root: זָרַח (z-r-ḥ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “and shone”; Notes: Suggests a radiant appearance.
- מִשֵּׂעִיר֙ (mi-Seʿir) – Root: שֵׂעִיר (s-ʿ-r); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “from Seʿir”; Notes: Refers to the region associated with Edom.
- לָ֔מֹו (lamo) – Root: Pronoun; Form: Preposition + 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Indicates to whom the light shone.
- הֹופִ֨יעַ֙ (hofia) – Root: יָפַע (y-p-ʿ); Form: Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He appeared”; Notes: Denotes a visible manifestation.
- מֵהַ֣ר פָּארָ֔ן (mehar Pa’ran) – Root: הַר (mountain) + פָּארָן (Pa’ran); Form: Preposition + noun + proper noun; Translation: “from Mount Pa’ran”; Notes: Pa’ran is a wilderness region associated with YHWH’s manifestations.
- וְאָתָ֖ה (ve’atah) – Root: אָתָה (ʾ-t-h); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “and He came”; Notes: Continues the description of YHWH’s arrival.
- מֵרִבְבֹ֣ת קֹ֑דֶשׁ (me-rivvot kodesh) – Root: רִבּוֹ (r-b-b) + קֹדֶשׁ (q-d-sh); Form: Preposition + plural noun construct + noun; Translation: “with ten thousands of holiness”; Notes: Refers to YHWH accompanied by multitudes of holy beings.
- מִֽימִינֹ֕ו (mi-yemino) – Root: יָמִין (y-m-n); Form: Preposition + noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “from His right hand”; Notes: Symbolizes authority and power.
- אשֶׂדת (eshdat) – Root: Possibly a compound of אֵשׁ (fire) + דָּת (law); Form: Feminine singular noun; Translation: “a fiery law”; Notes: A unique term possibly referring to the Torah as given with fire.
- לָֽמֹו (lamo) – Root: Pronoun; Form: Preposition + 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “for them”; Notes: Indicates that the fiery law was given to the people.