וַתִּקְרְב֥וּן וַתַּֽעַמְד֖וּן תַּ֣חַת הָהָ֑ר וְהָהָ֞ר בֹּעֵ֤ר בָּאֵשׁ֙ עַד־לֵ֣ב הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם חֹ֖שֶׁךְ עָנָ֥ן וַעֲרָפֶֽל׃
And you came near and stood at the foot of the mountain, and the mountain burned with fire to the heart of the heavens, with darkness, cloud, and thick darkness.
Morphology
- וַתִּקְרְב֥וּן (vattiqrevun) – Root: קרב (qarav); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “And you came near”; Notes: Describes approaching or drawing close.
- וַתַּֽעַמְד֖וּן (vattamdu) – Root: עמד (ʿamad); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “and stood”; Notes: Refers to standing in place.
- תַּ֣חַת (taḥat) – Root: תחת (taḥat); Form: Preposition; Translation: “at the foot of”; Notes: Indicates position beneath or below.
- הָהָ֑ר (ha-har) – Root: הר (har); Form: Definite article with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “the mountain”; Notes: Refers to Mount Sinai.
- וְהָהָ֞ר (ve-ha-har) – Root: הר (har); Form: Conjunction with definite article and noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and the mountain”; Notes: Reiterates the subject.
- בֹּעֵ֤ר (boʿer) – Root: בער (baʿar); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “burned”; Notes: Describes active burning.
- בָּאֵשׁ֙ (ba-ʾesh) – Root: אש (ʾesh); Form: Preposition with noun, feminine singular; Translation: “with fire”; Notes: Refers to consuming flames.
- עַד־לֵ֣ב (ʿad-lev) – Root: לב (lev); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “to the heart of”; Notes: Indicates the core or center.
- הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם (ha-shamayim) – Root: שמים (shamayim); Form: Definite article with noun, masculine plural; Translation: “the heavens”; Notes: Refers to the sky or celestial realm.
- חֹ֖שֶׁךְ (ḥoshekh) – Root: חושך (ḥoshekh); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “darkness”; Notes: Indicates the absence of light.
- עָנָ֥ן (ʿanan) – Root: ענן (ʿanan); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “cloud”; Notes: Refers to a visible mass of condensed water vapor.
- וַעֲרָפֶֽל (va-ʿarafel) – Root: ערפל (ʿarafel); Form: Conjunction with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and thick darkness”; Notes: Refers to dense or heavy obscurity.