וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם מִתֹּ֣וךְ הָאֵ֑שׁ קֹ֤ול דְּבָרִים֙ אַתֶּ֣ם שֹׁמְעִ֔ים וּתְמוּנָ֛ה אֵינְכֶ֥ם רֹאִ֖ים זוּלָתִ֥י קֹֽול׃
And YHWH spoke to you out of the midst of the fire; you heard the sound of words but saw no form—only a voice.
Morphology
- וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר (vayedabber) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And spoke”; Notes: Indicates communication or declaration.
- יְהוָ֛ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name.
- אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם (ʾaleikhem) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Refers to the audience.
- מִתֹּ֣וךְ (mitokh) – Root: תוך (tokh); Form: Preposition; Translation: “out of the midst of”; Notes: Indicates the source or origin.
- הָאֵ֑שׁ (ha-esh) – Root: אש (ʾesh); Form: Definite article with noun, feminine singular; Translation: “the fire”; Notes: Refers to the consuming fire on the mountain.
- קֹ֤ול (qol) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “sound”; Notes: Refers to the audible voice or sound.
- דְּבָרִים֙ (devarim) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “words”; Notes: Refers to spoken statements.
- אַתֶּ֣ם (atem) – Root: אתם (ʾatem); Form: Pronoun, 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you”; Notes: Emphasizes the audience.
- שֹׁמְעִ֔ים (shomʿim) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “are hearing”; Notes: Refers to the act of listening.
- וּתְמוּנָ֛ה (utemunah) – Root: תמונה (temunah); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “form”; Notes: Refers to a visible image or likeness.
- אֵינְכֶ֥ם (ʾein-khem) – Root: אין (ʾein); Form: Negative particle with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “you did not”; Notes: Indicates negation.
- רֹאִ֖ים (roʾim) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “see”; Notes: Refers to visual perception.
- זוּלָתִ֥י (zulati) – Root: זול (zul); Form: Preposition with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “except”; Notes: Indicates exception or exclusion.
- קֹֽול (qol) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “a voice”; Notes: Refers to the audible sound from the fire.