לֹ֣א תֹסִ֗פוּ עַל־הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אָנֹכִי֙ מְצַוֶּ֣ה אֶתְכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תִגְרְע֖וּ מִמֶּ֑נּוּ לִשְׁמֹ֗ר אֶת־מִצְוֹת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י מְצַוֶּ֥ה אֶתְכֶֽם׃
You shall not add to the word which I am commanding you, nor shall you subtract from it, that you may keep the commandments of YHWH your God which I am commanding you.
Morphology
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “You shall not”; Notes: Indicates prohibition.
- תֹסִ֗פוּ (tosifu) – Root: יסף (yasaf); Form: Hifil imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “add”; Notes: Refers to increasing or adding.
- עַל־הַדָּבָר֙ (ʿal-hadavar) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Preposition with definite article and noun, masculine singular; Translation: “to the word”; Notes: Refers to the command or instruction.
- אֲשֶׁ֤ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate clause.
- אָנֹכִי֙ (ʾanokhi) – Root: אנכ (ʾanokh); Form: Pronoun, 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphasizes the speaker.
- מְצַוֶּ֣ה (metzaveh) – Root: צוה (tsavah); Form: Piel participle masculine singular; Translation: “am commanding”; Notes: Denotes authoritative instruction.
- אֶתְכֶ֔ם (ʾetkhem) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker with pronoun, masculine plural; Translation: “you”; Notes: Refers to the audience.
- וְלֹ֥א (velo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction with negative particle; Translation: “nor”; Notes: Introduces an additional prohibition.
- תִגְרְע֖וּ (tigreʿu) – Root: גרע (garaʿ); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “subtract”; Notes: Refers to removing or diminishing.
- מִמֶּ֑נּוּ (mimmennu) – Root: מן (min); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “from it”; Notes: Refers to the commandment.
- לִשְׁמֹ֗ר (lishmor) – Root: שמר (shamar); Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “to keep”; Notes: Refers to guarding or observing.
- אֶת־מִצְוֹת֙ (ʾet-mitzvot) – Root: מצוה (mitzvah); Form: Direct object marker with noun, feminine plural construct; Translation: “the commandments of”; Notes: Refers to divine instructions.
- יְהוָ֣ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name.
- אֱלֹהֵ֔יכֶם (Eloheikhem) – Root: אלה (eloah); Form: Noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your God”; Notes: Refers to the deity of Israel.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate clause.
- אָנֹכִ֖י (ʾanokhi) – Root: אנכ (ʾanokh); Form: Pronoun, 1st person singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphasizes the speaker.
- מְצַוֶּ֥ה (metzaveh) – Root: צוה (tsavah); Form: Piel participle masculine singular; Translation: “am commanding”; Notes: Indicates authoritative instruction.
- אֶתְכֶֽם (ʾetkhem) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker with pronoun, masculine plural; Translation: “you”; Notes: Refers to the audience being addressed.