אֶֽת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֡לֶּה דִּבֶּר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶל־כָּל־קְהַלְכֶ֜ם בָּהָ֗ר מִתֹּ֤וךְ הָאֵשׁ֙ הֶֽעָנָ֣ן וְהָֽעֲרָפֶ֔ל קֹ֥ול גָּדֹ֖ול וְלֹ֣א יָסָ֑ף וַֽיִּכְתְּבֵ֗ם עַל־שְׁנֵי֙ לֻחֹ֣ת אֲבָנִ֔ים וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖ם אֵלָֽי׃
These words YHWH spoke to all your assembly on the mountain out of the midst of the fire, the cloud, and the thick darkness, with a great voice, and He added no more. And He wrote them on two tablets of stone and gave them to me.
Morphology
- אֶֽת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים (et-ha-devarim) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Direct object marker with noun, masculine plural; Translation: “the words”; Notes: Refers to the commandments or statements.
- הָאֵ֡לֶּה (ha-elleh) – Root: אלה (elleh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural; Translation: “these”; Notes: Specifies the preceding words.
- דִּבֶּר֩ (dibber) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “spoke”; Notes: Refers to verbal communication.
- יְהוָ֨ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hwh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of God.
- אֶל־כָּל־קְהַלְכֶ֜ם (el-kol-kehalkhem) – Root: קהל (kahal); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular construct and 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to all your assembly”; Notes: Refers to the gathered people.
- בָּהָ֗ר (ba-har) – Root: הר (har); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “on the mountain”; Notes: Specifies location.
- מִתֹּ֤וךְ (mitokh) – Root: תוך (tokh); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “out of the midst of”; Notes: Indicates origin or location.
- הָאֵשׁ֙ (ha-esh) – Root: אש (esh); Form: Definite article with noun, feminine singular; Translation: “the fire”; Notes: Refers to the fiery manifestation.
- הֶֽעָנָ֣ן (he-anan) – Root: ענן (ʿanan); Form: Definite article with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “the cloud”; Notes: Refers to the physical cloud present.
- וְהָֽעֲרָפֶ֔ל (ve-ha-arafel) – Root: ערפל (ʿarafel); Form: Conjunction with definite article and noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and the thick darkness”; Notes: Refers to the dense obscurity.
- קֹ֥ול (kol) – Root: קול (kol); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “voice”; Notes: Refers to the sound of God’s speech.
- גָּדֹ֖ול (gadol) – Root: גדל (gadal); Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “great”; Notes: Describes the magnitude of the voice.
- וְלֹ֣א (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction with negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Negates the following action.
- יָסָ֑ף (yasaf) – Root: יסף (yasaf); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He added”; Notes: Refers to a completed action.
- וַֽיִּכְתְּבֵ֗ם (va-yikhtvem) – Root: כתב (katav); Form: Conjunction with Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular and 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “And He wrote them”; Notes: Refers to the inscribing of the commandments.
- עַל־שְׁנֵי֙ (al-shnei) – Root: שנים (shanim); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine dual construct; Translation: “on two”; Notes: Refers to the number of tablets.
- לֻחֹ֣ת (luchot) – Root: לוח (luach); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “tablets”; Notes: Refers to the stone tablets.
- אֲבָנִ֔ים (avanin) – Root: אבן (even); Form: Noun, feminine plural; Translation: “of stone”; Notes: Material of the tablets.
- וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖ם (va-yittenem) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Conjunction with Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular and 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and gave them”; Notes: Indicates the delivery of the tablets.
- אֵלָֽי (elai) – Root: אל (el); Form: Preposition with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Refers to Moses as the recipient.