וָֽאֶתְנַפַּל֩ לִפְנֵ֨י יְהוָ֜ה כָּרִאשֹׁנָ֗ה אַרְבָּעִ֥ים יֹום֙ וְאַרְבָּעִ֣ים לַ֔יְלָה לֶ֚חֶם לֹ֣א אָכַ֔לְתִּי וּמַ֖יִם לֹ֣א שָׁתִ֑יתִי עַ֤ל כָּל־חַטַּאתְכֶם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר חֲטָאתֶ֔ם לַעֲשֹׂ֥ות הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִיסֹֽו׃
And I fell down before YHWH as at the first, forty days and forty nights; I ate no bread and drank no water, because of all your sin which you had committed, doing what was evil in the eyes of YHWH, to provoke Him.
Morphology
- וָֽאֶתְנַפַּל֩ (va-etnappal) – Root: נפל (naphal); Form: Hitpael imperfect 1st person singular (wayyiqtol); Translation: “And I fell down”; Notes: Reflexive form indicating a deliberate act of falling.
- לִפְנֵ֨י (lifnei) – Root: פנה (panah); Form: Preposition with noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “before”; Notes: Indicates position or presence.
- יְהוָ֜ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
- כָרִאשֹׁנָ֗ה (ka-rishonah) – Root: ראשׁ (rosh); Form: Preposition with adjective, feminine singular; Translation: “as at the first”; Notes: Refers to a prior similar event.
- אַרְבָּעִ֥ים (arbaʿim) – Root: ארבע (arbaʿ); Form: Numeral, masculine plural; Translation: “forty”; Notes: Indicates a specific time period.
- יֹום֙ (yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “days”; Notes: Refers to the period of fasting.
- וְאַרְבָּעִ֣ים (ve-arbaʿim) – Root: ארבע (arbaʿ); Form: Conjunction with numeral, masculine plural; Translation: “and forty”; Notes: Continues the time period.
- לַ֔יְלָה (la-lailah) – Root: ליל (lail); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “nights”; Notes: Complements the duration of fasting.
- לֶ֚חֶם (leḥem) – Root: לחם (leḥem); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “bread”; Notes: Refers to physical food.
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “no”; Notes: Negates the action.
- אָכַ֔לְתִּי (akalti) – Root: אכל (ʾakal); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I ate”; Notes: Refers to the lack of food consumption.
- וּמַ֖יִם (u-mayim) – Root: מים (mayim); Form: Conjunction with noun, masculine plural; Translation: “and water”; Notes: Refers to physical drink.
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “no”; Notes: Negates the action.
- שָׁתִ֑יתִי (shatiti) – Root: שתה (shatah); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I drank”; Notes: Indicates lack of water consumption.
- עַ֤ל (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition; Translation: “because of”; Notes: Indicates the reason.
- כָל־ (kol-) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “all”; Notes: Refers to the totality.
- חַטַּאתְכֶם֙ (ḥattatekhem) – Root: חטא (ḥata); Form: Noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “your sin”; Notes: Refers to the collective guilt of the people.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces the clause.
- חֲטָאתֶ֔ם (ḥatatem) – Root: חטא (ḥata); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you had committed”; Notes: Refers to completed actions of sin.
- לַעֲשֹׂ֥ות (laʿasot) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to do”; Notes: Indicates the purpose or action.
- הָרַ֛ע (ha-raʿ) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Adjective, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “what was evil”; Notes: Refers to moral wrongdoing.
- בְּעֵינֵ֥י (be-einei) – Root: עין (ʿayin); Form: Preposition with noun, feminine dual construct; Translation: “in the eyes of”; Notes: Indicates perception.
- יְהוָ֖ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
- לְהַכְעִיסֹֽו׃ (le-hakhʿiso) – Root: כעס (kaʿas); Form: Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to provoke Him”; Notes: Indicates deliberate provocation.