Exodus 10:21

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה נְטֵ֤ה יָֽדְךָ֙ עַל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וִ֥יהִי חֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְיָמֵ֖שׁ חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃

And YHWH said to Moshe, “Stretch out your hand toward the heavens, so that there may be darkness over the land of Mitsrayim, a darkness that can be felt”

Morphology

1. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר (vayomer) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms with vav consecutive; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
2. יְהוָ֜ה (YHWH) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of God.
3. אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה (el-Moshe) – Root: N/A; Form: Preposition + Proper noun; Translation: “To Moshe”; Notes: Refers to Moses.
4. נְטֵ֤ה (nete) – Root: נטה (n-t-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperative, 2ms; Translation: “Stretch out”; Notes: A command to extend one’s hand.
5. יָֽדְךָ֙ (yadkha) – Root: יד (y-d); Form: Noun, feminine singular construct + 2ms suffix; Translation: “Your hand”; Notes: Refers to Moshe’s hand.
6. עַל־הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם (ʿal-hashamayim) – Root: שמים (sh-m-y-m); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “Toward the heavens”; Notes: Indicates the direction of the action.
7. וִ֥יהִי (vihi) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Jussive, 3ms; Translation: “So that there may be”; Notes: Expresses purpose or result.
8. חֹ֖שֶׁךְ (ḥoshekh) – Root: חשך (ḥ-sh-k); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Darkness”; Notes: Refers to the plague of darkness.
9. עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ (ʿal-erets) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ts); Form: Preposition + Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Over the land of”; Notes: Specifies the affected region.
10. מִצְרָ֑יִם (mitsrayim) – Root: מצר (m-ts-r); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Egypt”; Notes: Refers to the land of Egypt.
11. וְיָמֵ֖שׁ (veyamesh) – Root: מוש (m-w-sh); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms with vav consecutive; Translation: “And it can be felt”; Notes: Refers to the tangible nature of the darkness.
12. חֹֽשֶׁךְ (ḥoshekh) – Root: חשך (ḥ-sh-k); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Darkness”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis on the plague’s intensity.