וּמֵ֣ת כָּל־בְּכֹור֮ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֒ מִבְּכֹ֤ור פַּרְעֹה֙ הַיֹּשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְאֹ֔ו עַ֚ד בְּכֹ֣ור הַשִּׁפְחָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר אַחַ֣ר הָרֵחָ֑יִם וְכֹ֖ל בְּכֹ֥ור בְּהֵמָֽה׃
And every firstborn in the land of Mitsrayim shall die, from the firstborn of Parʿo who sits on his throne to the firstborn of the maidservant who is behind the millstones, and all the firstborn of the animals.
Morphology
- וּמֵ֣ת (umet) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “And shall die”; Notes: Refers to the death of the firstborn in Egypt.
- כָּל־בְּכֹור֮ (kol-bekhor) – Root: בכר (b-k-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “Every firstborn”; Notes: Includes humans and animals.
- בְּאֶ֣רֶץ (beʾerets) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ts); Form: Preposition + Noun, feminine singular construct; Translation: “In the land of”; Notes: Specifies the location.
- מִצְרַיִם֒ (mitsrayim) – Root: מצר (m-ts-r); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Egypt”; Notes: Refers to the entire territory of Egypt.
- מִבְּכֹ֤ור (mibbekhor) – Root: בכר (b-k-r); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “From the firstborn of”; Notes: Indicates the range of those affected.
- פַּרְעֹה֙ (Parʿo) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Parʿo”; Notes: Refers to Pharaoh, the king of Egypt.
- הַיֹּשֵׁ֣ב (hayyoshev) – Root: ישב (y-sh-b); Form: Verb, Qal, Participle, masculine singular; Translation: “Who sits”; Notes: Describes Parʿo’s position on his throne.
- עַל־כִּסְאֹ֔ו (ʿal-kisʾo) – Root: כסא (k-s-ʾ); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular construct + 3ms suffix; Translation: “On his throne”; Notes: Specifies Parʿo’s royal authority.
- עַ֚ד (ʿad) – Root: N/A; Form: Preposition; Translation: “To”; Notes: Indicates the extent of the judgment.
- בְּכֹ֣ור (bekhor) – Root: בכר (b-k-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “The firstborn of”; Notes: Refers to the offspring of the maidservant.
- הַשִּׁפְחָ֔ה (hashifḥah) – Root: שפח (sh-p-ḥ); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “The maidservant”; Notes: Refers to a female servant.
- אֲשֶׁ֖ר (asher) – Root: N/A; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “Who”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause describing the maidservant.
- אַחַ֣ר (aḥar) – Root: אחר (ʾ-ḥ-r); Form: Preposition; Translation: “Behind”; Notes: Specifies the maidservant’s position.
- הָרֵחָ֑יִם (hareḥayim) – Root: רחים (r-ḥ-y-m); Form: Noun, dual with definite article; Translation: “The millstones”; Notes: Refers to a tool used for grinding grain.
- וְכֹ֖ל (vekol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “And all”; Notes: Expands the scope of those affected.
- בְּכֹ֥ור (bekhor) – Root: בכר (b-k-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “Firstborn of”; Notes: Refers to the animals.
- בְּהֵמָֽה׃ (behemah) – Root: בהם (b-h-m); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Animals”; Notes: Refers to domesticated livestock.