וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם ה֚וּא אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה שַׁבָּתֹ֧ון שַׁבַּת־קֹ֛דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָ֖ה מָחָ֑ר אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאפ֞וּ אֵפ֗וּ וְאֵ֤ת אֲשֶֽׁר־תְּבַשְּׁלוּ֙ בַּשֵּׁ֔לוּ וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הָ֣עֹדֵ֔ף הַנִּ֧יחוּ לָכֶ֛ם לְמִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת עַד־הַבֹּֽקֶר׃
And he said to them, “This is what YHWH has spoken: ‘Tomorrow is a day of rest, a holy Sabbath to YHWH. Bake what you will bake, and boil what you will boil, and all that remains lay aside for yourselves to keep until the morning.’”
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (vayomer) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms with vav consecutive; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Introduces Moshe’s speech to the people.
- אֲלֵהֶ֗ם (alehem) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Preposition with 3mp suffix; Translation: “To them”; Notes: Refers to the children of Yisra’el.
- ה֚וּא (hu) – Root: N/A; Form: Pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “This”; Notes: Refers to the declaration being made.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (ʾasher) – Root: N/A; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “That”; Notes: Links the clause to what follows.
- דִּבֶּ֣ר (dibber) – Root: דבר (d-b-r); Form: Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3ms; Translation: “Has spoken”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s command.
- יְהוָ֔ה (YHWH) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The speaker of the command.
- שַׁבָּתֹ֧ון (shabbaton) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Day of rest”; Notes: Indicates a day of cessation from labor.
- שַׁבַּת־קֹ֛דֶשׁ (shabbat-qodesh) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t) and קדש (q-d-sh); Form: Noun construct; Translation: “Holy Sabbath”; Notes: Highlights the sanctity of the day.
- לַֽיהוָ֖ה (la-YHWH) – Root: N/A; Form: Preposition + Proper noun; Translation: “To YHWH”; Notes: Indicates dedication to YHWH.
- מָחָ֑ר (machar) – Root: N/A; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Tomorrow”; Notes: Specifies the time of the Sabbath.
- אֵ֣ת (et) – Root: N/A; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: [Not translated]; Notes: Marks the direct object.
- אֲשֶׁר־תֹּאפ֞וּ (ʾasher-toʾfu) – Root: אפה (ʾ-p-h); Form: Relative pronoun + Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2mp; Translation: “That you will bake”; Notes: Refers to the preparation of food.
- אֵפ֗וּ (efu) – Root: אפה (ʾ-p-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperative, 2mp; Translation: “Bake”; Notes: Instruction for food preparation.
- וְאֵ֤ת אֲשֶֽׁר־תְּבַשְּׁלוּ֙ (veʾet-asher-tevashlu) – Root: בשל (b-sh-l); Form: Conjunction + Direct object marker + Relative pronoun + Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 2mp; Translation: “And what you will boil”; Notes: Refers to another form of preparation.
- בַּשֵּׁ֔לוּ (bashelu) – Root: בשל (b-sh-l); Form: Verb, Piel, Imperative, 2mp; Translation: “Boil”; Notes: A direct command.
- וְאֵת֙ כָּל־הָ֣עֹדֵ֔ף (veʾet-kol-haʿodef) – Root: עוד (ʿ-w-d); Form: Conjunction + Direct object marker + Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “And all that remains”; Notes: Refers to the leftover food.
- הַנִּ֧יחוּ (hanniḥu) – Root: נוח (n-w-ḥ); Form: Verb, Hifil, Imperative, 2mp; Translation: “Lay aside”; Notes: Instruction to preserve the remaining food.
- לָכֶ֛ם (lachem) – Root: ל (l); Form: Preposition with 2mp suffix; Translation: “For yourselves”; Notes: Indicates personal use.
- לְמִשְׁמֶ֖רֶת (lemishmeret) – Root: שמר (sh-m-r); Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “To keep”; Notes: Specifies preservation.
- עַד־הַבֹּֽקֶר׃ (ʿad-habboqer) – Root: בקר (b-q-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute with preposition; Translation: “Until the morning”; Notes: Specifies the time until which the food should be kept.