וַיִּקַּ֞ח יִתְרֹ֨ו חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֛ה עֹלָ֥ה וּזְבָחִ֖ים לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיָּבֹ֨א אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְכֹ֣ל זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֶאֱכָל־לֶ֛חֶם עִם־חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃
Then Yitro, Moshe’s father-in-law, took a burnt offering and sacrifices to God, and Aharon and all the elders of Yisra’el came to eat bread with Moshe’s father-in-law before God.
Morphology
- וַיִּקַּ֞ח (vayyiqqaḥ) – Root: לקח (l-q-ḥ); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms with vav consecutive; Translation: “He took”; Notes: Refers to Yitro performing a ritual act.
- יִתְרֹ֨ו (Yitro) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yitro”; Notes: Moshe’s father-in-law.
- חֹתֵ֥ן (ḥoten) – Root: חתן (ḥ-t-n); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “Father-in-law of”; Notes: A relational term describing Yitro’s connection to Moshe.
- מֹשֶׁ֛ה (Moshe) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Moshe”; Notes: The leader of Yisra’el.
- עֹלָ֥ה (ʿolah) – Root: עלה (ʿ-l-h); Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “Burnt offering”; Notes: A type of sacrifice entirely consumed by fire.
- וּזְבָחִ֖ים (uzevachim) – Root: זבח (z-b-ḥ); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine plural absolute; Translation: “And sacrifices”; Notes: Refers to offerings presented to God.
- לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים (leʾelohim) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “To God”; Notes: Indicates the recipient of the offerings.
- וַיָּבֹ֨א (vayyavo) – Root: בוא (b-w-ʾ); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms with vav consecutive; Translation: “And he came”; Notes: Describes Aharon’s action.
- אַהֲרֹ֜ן (Aharon) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Aharon”; Notes: Moshe’s brother and high priest.
- וְכֹ֣ל (vekhol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “And all”; Notes: Indicates inclusion of everyone in the category.
- זִקְנֵ֣י (ziqnei) – Root: זקן (z-q-n); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “Elders of”; Notes: Refers to the leaders or senior figures of Yisra’el.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל (Yisra’el) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisra’el”; Notes: The people of Israel.
- לֶאֱכָל־לֶ֛חֶם (leʾekhol-leḥem) – Root: אכל (ʾ-k-l); Form: Preposition + Verb, Qal, Infinitive construct + Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “To eat bread”; Notes: Indicates participation in a meal.
- עִם־חֹתֵ֥ן (ʿim-ḥoten) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “With the father-in-law of”; Notes: Denotes association.
- מֹשֶׁ֖ה (Moshe) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Moshe”; Notes: Referenced again as Yitro’s son-in-law.
- לִפְנֵ֥י (lifnei) – Root: פנה (p-n-h); Form: Preposition; Translation: “Before”; Notes: Indicates being in the presence of.
- הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ (haʾelohim) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Noun, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “God”; Notes: The focus of worship and presence.